想象接觸降低群際威脅感：感知相似性的作用
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-07 13:10
【摘要】：在社會群體情境中,當(dāng)一個(gè)群體所具有的資源、信念和價(jià)值觀等各種特征對另一個(gè)群體的存在、發(fā)展和目標(biāo)產(chǎn)生的威脅時(shí),群際威脅感就產(chǎn)生了。它會導(dǎo)致內(nèi)群體成員產(chǎn)生消極的外群體態(tài)度和行為。近年來,如何降低群際威脅感,減少感知到群際威脅所帶來的消極影響,促進(jìn)各群體之間的融洽等社會熱點(diǎn)突出問題,引起了越來越多研究者們的關(guān)注。 當(dāng)人們感知到來自外群體的威脅時(shí),會產(chǎn)生一系列認(rèn)知、情緒和行為上的消極反應(yīng),影響和諧群際關(guān)系的發(fā)展。Canetti-Nisim,Ariely等人的研究表明群際威脅感在偏見和永久性沖突的形成和發(fā)展中起著關(guān)鍵作用(Canetti-Nisim,Ariely,Halperin,2008；Stephan,Ybarra,Morrison,2009；MaozMcCauley,2009；Schmid et a1.,2008；Tausch,Hewstone,Kenworthy,Cairns,Christ,2007)。感知到群際威脅也是群際壓力的一個(gè)核心因素,它會對主觀幸福感產(chǎn)生消極影響(SchmidMuldoon.2013).隨著群際威脅對群際關(guān)系的消極影響越來越明顯,研究者也開始關(guān)注如何降低群際威脅感,改善群際關(guān)系。前人的研究證明了群際接觸可以在感知到群際威脅的情境下改善群際關(guān)系,例如,不同種族或信仰的學(xué)生,住在同一寢室則有助于減少群體間的偏見,并且對不同信仰室友的積極態(tài)度會隨著年級的增加而逐漸增加,這種變化并不受分組方式的影響(主試隨機(jī)分配或被試自愿選擇)(Shook＆Fazio,2008). 盡管眾多研究都證明了群際接觸能夠降低群體偏見,由于在現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中,直接群際接觸的實(shí)現(xiàn)受到很多條件的限制(如,極端隔離的社會環(huán)境限制了內(nèi)外群體成員之間的接觸),很多群體間的現(xiàn)實(shí)接觸難以實(shí)現(xiàn)。研究者們開始關(guān)注想象群際接觸,有研究表明：讓被試想像與外群體的接觸,也可以降低群際偏見(Stathi＆Crisp,2008).想象接觸能夠增加對外群體的積極評價(jià)：減少對外群體的內(nèi)隱偏見；促進(jìn)與外群體接觸的意圖,然而想象接觸對影響群際關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵性因素——群際威脅是否也能產(chǎn)生上述積極影響?其可能的影響因素是什么?這是本研究試圖探討的問題�；谇叭说难芯拷Y(jié)果,本研究假設(shè)想象群際接觸可以降低內(nèi)群體成員的群際威脅感,本研究利用兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來驗(yàn)證這一假設(shè)。 兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)均以中國被試與日本人接觸作為想象情境。實(shí)驗(yàn)一中,通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)想象接觸,研究者以中國作為想象主體,以曾經(jīng)與內(nèi)群體發(fā)生沖突的日本作為想象接觸目標(biāo)群體,測量被試的群際威脅感水平。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)經(jīng)歷過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)想象接觸的被試感知到的群際威脅水平顯著低于沒有想象接觸操作的控制組被試：(2)感知內(nèi)外群體相似性在想象接觸-群際威脅感的關(guān)系中起中介作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)二中,研究者采用了精細(xì)想象接觸來驗(yàn)證研究假設(shè)。研究者通過以精細(xì)想象接觸為實(shí)驗(yàn)組,非精細(xì)想象接觸-標(biāo)準(zhǔn)想象接觸為控制組,來測量被試感知群際威脅水平的變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)精細(xì)想象接觸組被試感知群際威脅水平顯著低于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)想象接觸組；(2)在想象接觸-群際威脅感中,感知內(nèi)外群體相似性起中介作用。
[Abstract]:In the context of social groups, when a group of features, such as resources, beliefs and values, poses a threat to the existence, development and goals of another group, the sense of intercluster threat has been generated. It will lead to negative externality and behaviour among the members of the group. In recent years, how to reduce the inter-group threat sense, reduce the negative influence brought by the inter-group threat, and promote the harmonious social hot-spot project among the groups, have caused more and more researchers to pay more attention. When people perceive the threat from an external group, a series of negative reactions on cognition, emotion and behavior will be generated, affecting the inter-group relationship. Development. The study of Canetti-Nsim, Ariely et al. shows that intercluster threats play a key role in the formation and development of bias and permanent conflict (Canetti-Nisim, Ariely, Halperin, 2008; Stephan, Ybarra, Morrison, 2009; MarozMcCauley, 2009; Schmid et al., 2008; Tausch, Hewstone, Kenworthy, Cairns, Chist, 200 7). The perceived intercluster threat is also a core factor of inter-group pressure, which will have a negative impact on subjective well-being (Schmidt Muldoon. 201 3) The researchers have also begun to focus on how to reduce the intercluster threat and improve the intergroup threat as the intercluster threat has a more negative impact on the intercluster relationship. The previous studies have shown that intercluster contact can improve inter-group relationships in the context of perceived intercluster threats, for example, students with different races or beliefs, living in the same room helps to reduce inter-group relationships Prejudice, and the positive attitude towards different faiths and roommates will gradually increase as the grade increases, and this change is not affected by the way the group is grouped (the main trial is randomly assigned or selected voluntarily) (Sok & Fazio, 200 8) Although many studies have demonstrated that inter-cluster contact is able to reduce group bias, the realization of direct inter-cluster contact is limited by a number of conditions in a realistic environment (e.g., extreme isolation of the social environment limits the membership of the internal and external groups) The real connection between a large number of groups It's hard to make it difficult. The researchers began to focus on the thought-group contact, and there was a study that let it be tried to look like a contact with an outside group or to lower the group bias (Stathi & Supp, (2008). Imagination of contacts can increase the positive evaluation of the external groups: reduce the implicit bias of the external groups; promote the intention to come into contact with the external groups; however, it is envisaged that the key factors that affect the inter-cluster relationship _ inter-cluster threats can also be generated Statement of positive impact? Possible impact What's the factor? This is the study. Based on the results of the previous studies, it is assumed that the inter-group contact can reduce the intergroup threat feeling among the members of the inner group, and the present study uses two experiments to verify the inter-group threat. The two experiments were tested in China and the Japanese In the experiment 1, by standard imagination, the researchers used China as an imaginary body to contact the target group as an imaginary contact with the Japanese who had clashed with the group, and the measurement was tried. The experimental results show that: (1) The level of inter-cluster threat experienced by the tested perceived group is significantly lower than that of the control group without the imagination contact operation: (2) the perception of the intra-and intra-population similarity in the imagination contact-intergroup threat sense In the experiment two, the researchers used the fine imagination to connect. To verify the hypothesis of the study. The researchers measured the perceived group by contacting the experimental group with a fine imagination, a non-fine-imagination contact-standard image, and a control group. The experimental results show that (1) the level of inter-cluster threat is significantly lower than that of the standard imagination contact group; (2) in the imagination contact-intercluster threat sense, the internal and external groups are perceived
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
本文編號：2316472
[Abstract]:In the context of social groups, when a group of features, such as resources, beliefs and values, poses a threat to the existence, development and goals of another group, the sense of intercluster threat has been generated. It will lead to negative externality and behaviour among the members of the group. In recent years, how to reduce the inter-group threat sense, reduce the negative influence brought by the inter-group threat, and promote the harmonious social hot-spot project among the groups, have caused more and more researchers to pay more attention. When people perceive the threat from an external group, a series of negative reactions on cognition, emotion and behavior will be generated, affecting the inter-group relationship. Development. The study of Canetti-Nsim, Ariely et al. shows that intercluster threats play a key role in the formation and development of bias and permanent conflict (Canetti-Nisim, Ariely, Halperin, 2008; Stephan, Ybarra, Morrison, 2009; MarozMcCauley, 2009; Schmid et al., 2008; Tausch, Hewstone, Kenworthy, Cairns, Chist, 200 7). The perceived intercluster threat is also a core factor of inter-group pressure, which will have a negative impact on subjective well-being (Schmidt Muldoon. 201 3) The researchers have also begun to focus on how to reduce the intercluster threat and improve the intergroup threat as the intercluster threat has a more negative impact on the intercluster relationship. The previous studies have shown that intercluster contact can improve inter-group relationships in the context of perceived intercluster threats, for example, students with different races or beliefs, living in the same room helps to reduce inter-group relationships Prejudice, and the positive attitude towards different faiths and roommates will gradually increase as the grade increases, and this change is not affected by the way the group is grouped (the main trial is randomly assigned or selected voluntarily) (Sok & Fazio, 200 8) Although many studies have demonstrated that inter-cluster contact is able to reduce group bias, the realization of direct inter-cluster contact is limited by a number of conditions in a realistic environment (e.g., extreme isolation of the social environment limits the membership of the internal and external groups) The real connection between a large number of groups It's hard to make it difficult. The researchers began to focus on the thought-group contact, and there was a study that let it be tried to look like a contact with an outside group or to lower the group bias (Stathi & Supp, (2008). Imagination of contacts can increase the positive evaluation of the external groups: reduce the implicit bias of the external groups; promote the intention to come into contact with the external groups; however, it is envisaged that the key factors that affect the inter-cluster relationship _ inter-cluster threats can also be generated Statement of positive impact? Possible impact What's the factor? This is the study. Based on the results of the previous studies, it is assumed that the inter-group contact can reduce the intergroup threat feeling among the members of the inner group, and the present study uses two experiments to verify the inter-group threat. The two experiments were tested in China and the Japanese In the experiment 1, by standard imagination, the researchers used China as an imaginary body to contact the target group as an imaginary contact with the Japanese who had clashed with the group, and the measurement was tried. The experimental results show that: (1) The level of inter-cluster threat experienced by the tested perceived group is significantly lower than that of the control group without the imagination contact operation: (2) the perception of the intra-and intra-population similarity in the imagination contact-intergroup threat sense In the experiment two, the researchers used the fine imagination to connect. To verify the hypothesis of the study. The researchers measured the perceived group by contacting the experimental group with a fine imagination, a non-fine-imagination contact-standard image, and a control group. The experimental results show that (1) the level of inter-cluster threat is significantly lower than that of the standard imagination contact group; (2) in the imagination contact-intercluster threat sense, the internal and external groups are perceived
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
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