發(fā)布時間：2018-10-09 13:23

【摘要】：心理壓力是由壓力刺激引起的非特異性的生理和心理變化的一種綜合性狀態(tài)。心理壓力對個體的身心健康有著重要的影響,并且也已經(jīng)成為了眾多領(lǐng)域關(guān)注的焦點,比如:管理學(xué)、醫(yī)學(xué)和心理學(xué)等。長期的心理壓力可能會使個體產(chǎn)生焦慮或抑郁情緒,同時焦慮和抑郁存在高相關(guān),可能甚至是一種混合情緒。同時,由于不同的人面對相同的壓力事件會有不同的反應(yīng),可能是受到個體人格本身的人格特質(zhì)的影響,因此,本研究想探討心理壓力、人格與焦慮、抑郁間的關(guān)系,并且建立相應(yīng)的關(guān)系模型。其次,隨著核磁共振成像(MRI)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,我們可以在更精細的層面上研究心理壓力與人格間的關(guān)系,從而進一步的了解心理壓力對個體心理健康產(chǎn)生影響的機制,因此,在本研究中我們采用基于體素的形態(tài)學(xué)(VBM)分析方法研究心理壓力與大腦結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系,并且探討人格在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)和心理壓力間的關(guān)系。研究一,目的是探究心理壓力、人格與焦慮、抑郁的關(guān)系,并且建立相應(yīng)的關(guān)系模型。對410名大學(xué)生施測抑郁自評問卷、焦慮自評問卷、青少年生活事件量表、大五人格量表和心理壓力量表,最終獲得369份有效問卷。采用SPSS19.0和Amos20.0進行獨立樣本t檢驗、相關(guān)分析、回歸分析和建立結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型。研究二,目的在于探究心理壓力的腦結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ),并且進一步探究人格在心理壓力與大腦結(jié)構(gòu)間所起的作用。采用基于體素的分析方法(VBM),通過用心理壓力問卷得分和大腦結(jié)構(gòu)圖像做相關(guān)分析,探討心理壓力與大腦結(jié)構(gòu)間的關(guān)系。被試同研究一。此外,我們采用中介分析的方法探討心理壓力、大腦結(jié)構(gòu)和人格間的關(guān)系,把背外側(cè)前額葉和中央后回的灰質(zhì)體積作為自變量,大五人格的五個維度分作為中介變量,心理壓力的得分作為因變量。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)大學(xué)生的主要壓力源來自于學(xué)習(xí)、人際關(guān)系和受懲罰;心理壓力平均水平適中,但是個體間的差異較大;(2)在心理壓力水平上存在著性別差異,女生的心理壓力水平總體上高于男生;(3)心理壓力、人格均對焦慮、抑郁情緒有影響;人格直接影響大學(xué)生的抑郁水平,也可以通過影響心理壓力水平來影響個體的抑郁水平;人格通過調(diào)節(jié)心理壓力水平影響大學(xué)生的焦慮水平;長期處于焦慮狀態(tài)的大學(xué)生易產(chǎn)生抑郁情緒;(4)基于體素的形態(tài)學(xué)研究和問卷測查結(jié)合研究發(fā)現(xiàn),心理壓力的得分和背外側(cè)前額葉的灰質(zhì)體積顯著正相關(guān)和中央后回的灰質(zhì)體積顯著負相關(guān);(5)中介分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),神經(jīng)質(zhì)、外向性在左側(cè)背外側(cè)前額葉灰質(zhì)體積和心理壓力間起著部分中介的作用。
[Abstract]:Psychological stress is a comprehensive state of nonspecific physiological and psychological changes caused by stress stimulation. Psychological stress has an important impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, and has also become the focus of attention in many fields, such as management, medicine and psychology. Long-term psychological stress may lead to anxiety or depression, and there is a high correlation between anxiety and depression, which may even be a mixed emotion. At the same time, since different people have different reactions to the same stress events, which may be influenced by the personality traits of the individual personality itself, the present study wants to explore the relationship between psychological stress, personality, anxiety and depression. And establish the corresponding relational model. Secondly, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology, we can study the relationship between psychological stress and personality at a more precise level, so that we can further understand the mechanism of psychological stress on individual mental health. In this study we used morphologic (VBM) analysis based on voxel to study the relationship between mental stress and brain structure and the relationship between personality and mental stress. The purpose of the first study is to explore the relationship between psychological stress, personality and anxiety and depression, and to establish a corresponding relationship model. A total of 410 college students were tested with self-rating depression questionnaire, self-rating anxiety questionnaire, adolescent life event scale, college personality scale and psychological stress scale, and 369 valid questionnaires were obtained. Independent sample t-test, correlation analysis, regression analysis and structural equation model were carried out by SPSS19.0 and Amos20.0. The purpose of the second study is to explore the basis of brain structure of psychological stress and the role of personality in the relationship between psychological stress and brain structure. A voxel based analysis method (VBM), was used to investigate the relationship between psychological stress and brain structure by using psychological stress questionnaire scores and brain structure images to analyze the relationship between psychological stress and brain structure. Study 1. In addition, we used intermediary analysis to explore the relationship among psychological stress, brain structure and personality. The volume of gray matter in dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and posterior central gyrus was regarded as independent variable, and the five dimensions of Big five personality as intermediary variables. The score of psychological stress is a dependent variable. The results are as follows: (1) the main stressors of college students come from learning, interpersonal relationships and punishment; the average level of psychological stress is moderate, but the differences between individuals are great; (2) there are gender differences in the level of psychological stress. The psychological stress level of female students is generally higher than that of male students; (3) the psychological pressure and personality have an effect on anxiety and depression, the personality directly affects the depression level of college students, and it can also affect the individual depression level by influencing the psychological stress level. Personality affects the anxiety level of college students by adjusting the level of psychological stress; students who are in a state of anxiety for a long time are prone to produce depression; (4) morphological research based on voxel and combined with questionnaire research found that, The scores of psychological stress were positively correlated with the volume of gray matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal lobe and negatively correlated with the volume of gray matter in the posterior central gyrus. Extroversion partly mediates the volume of gray matter and psychological stress in the left dorsolateral prefrontal lobe.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.2

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