【摘要】：面孔作為一種非語(yǔ)言信息,在人際交往中具有非常重要的作用。人們可以通過(guò)面孔獲得很多信息,例如身份、性別、種族、地位等等。面孔識(shí)別作為人們社會(huì)生活中一項(xiàng)重要的功能,不僅具有生存意義上的生物適應(yīng)價(jià)值,并且具有生活意義上的社會(huì)交往功能。而我們身邊也存在這種現(xiàn)象,對(duì)于自己國(guó)家的同學(xué)總是見幾面就認(rèn)識(shí)了,而對(duì)于一些西方留學(xué)生似乎總是很難記住,這就是所謂的異族效應(yīng)。異族效應(yīng)作為面孔識(shí)別領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)特殊現(xiàn)象,指的是人們識(shí)別與再認(rèn)本族面孔的成績(jī)顯著好于外族面孔,它越來(lái)越多的受到研究者的普遍關(guān)注。 現(xiàn)代社會(huì)全球化日益發(fā)展,國(guó)家之間交流頻繁,與其他種族的人們打交道已經(jīng)不足為奇。人們基本能夠用平常心去對(duì)待外族人,但也存在著極端的盲目崇拜和種族歧視。那么這種態(tài)度會(huì)不會(huì)影響到人們對(duì)異族面孔的識(shí)別呢?人們的生活、工作中不免與外族人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系,這就涉及到社會(huì)分類。如果綜合考慮社會(huì)分類和社會(huì)態(tài)度,又會(huì)產(chǎn)生怎樣的結(jié)果?本研究以大學(xué)生為對(duì)象,針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題展開研究,共包括三個(gè)部分： 研究一通過(guò)內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測(cè)驗(yàn)考察被試的對(duì)于異族的內(nèi)隱社會(huì)態(tài)度,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證內(nèi)隱社會(huì)態(tài)度對(duì)面孔識(shí)別異族效應(yīng)是否有影響,考察異族效應(yīng)的社會(huì)態(tài)度理論。 研究二通過(guò)問(wèn)卷測(cè)量被試對(duì)于異族的外顯社會(huì)態(tài)度,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證外顯社會(huì)態(tài)度對(duì)于面孔識(shí)別異族效應(yīng)是否存在影響,進(jìn)一步考察異族效應(yīng)的社會(huì)態(tài)度理論。 研究三通過(guò)劃分組內(nèi)、組外考察社會(huì)分類對(duì)于面孔識(shí)別異族效應(yīng)的影響,并驗(yàn)證其與社會(huì)態(tài)度共同對(duì)異族效應(yīng)的作用。 綜合三個(gè)研究,本文得出的結(jié)論如下： (1)內(nèi)隱社會(huì)態(tài)度與面孔識(shí)別的異族效應(yīng)呈弱相關(guān),說(shuō)明個(gè)體對(duì)異族的內(nèi)隱社會(huì)態(tài)度會(huì)影響對(duì)異族面孔的識(shí)別。 (2)外顯社會(huì)態(tài)度與面孔識(shí)別的異族效應(yīng)不存在相關(guān),內(nèi)隱和外顯態(tài)度存在分離。 (3)當(dāng)綜合考慮社會(huì)分類、社會(huì)態(tài)度對(duì)異族效應(yīng)的影響時(shí),內(nèi)隱、外顯態(tài)度均不起作用,社會(huì)分類對(duì)異族效應(yīng)影響顯著。 (4)三個(gè)研究都證明了面孔識(shí)別的異族效應(yīng)是一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的現(xiàn)象。社會(huì)態(tài)度理論、社會(huì)分類理論可以在一定程度上解釋異族效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:As a kind of non-verbal information, face plays a very important role in interpersonal communication. People can get a lot of information from faces, such as identity, gender, race, status and so on. As an important function in people's social life, face recognition not only has the biological adaptation value in the sense of existence, but also has the function of social communication in the sense of life. And we also have this phenomenon, for their students in their own countries always know a few sides, and for some Western students always seem to be difficult to remember, this is the so-called alien effect. As a special phenomenon in the field of face recognition, the effect of heterogeneity refers to the fact that the recognition and recognition of the faces of their own people is significantly better than that of the faces of other nationalities, and it has attracted more and more attention from researchers. With the globalization of modern society and the frequent communication between countries, it is no wonder that people of other races are being interacted with. People can treat the Gentiles with common sense, but there are also extreme blind worship and racial discrimination. So will this attitude affect people's recognition of foreign faces? People's lives and work inevitably develop ties with the Gentiles, which involves social classification. What would be the outcome if social classifications and attitudes were taken into account? This study focuses on college students and studies these questions, including three parts: one is to investigate the implicit social attitudes of the subjects to the foreign race through implicit association test. Through the experiment to verify whether the implicit social attitude has the influence on the face recognition alien effect, and to investigate the social attitude theory of the alien effect. The second study measured the explicit social attitude of the subjects to the alien by questionnaire, and verified whether the explicit social attitude had an influence on the face recognition effect through the experiment, and further investigated the social attitude theory of the alien effect. In the third study, the influence of social classification on face recognition was investigated by dividing the group into groups, and the effect of social attitude on the alien effect was verified. Synthesizing three studies, the conclusions are as follows: (1) the implicit social attitude is weakly related to the alien effect of face recognition, which indicates that the individual's implicit social attitude towards the alien will influence the recognition of the alien face. (2) there is no correlation between explicit social attitude and alien effect of face recognition, but there is separation between implicit and explicit attitude. (3) when considering the social classification, the implicit and explicit attitudes have no effect on the alien effect, and the social classification has a significant effect on the alien effect. (4) three studies have proved that the heterogeneous effect of face recognition is a stable phenomenon. The social attitude theory and the social classification theory can explain the alien effect to some extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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