【摘要】：關(guān)系精神分析學(xué)是精神分析心理學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種新取向,它產(chǎn)生于20世紀(jì)80年代,并在其后的數(shù)十年內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展,逐漸成為當(dāng)代精神分析的主要力量。關(guān)系精神分析的思想主要來源于客體關(guān)系理論、人際關(guān)系精神分析、自體心理學(xué)這三個(gè)流派。它還受到后現(xiàn)代主義哲學(xué)思潮的影響。關(guān)系精神分析的創(chuàng)始人史蒂芬·米切爾認(rèn)為,長久以來在精神分析理論中就存在一種關(guān)系取向,這種關(guān)系取向在精神分析理論的歷史發(fā)展過程中越發(fā)明顯,由此在精神分析學(xué)內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)范式轉(zhuǎn)移,并逐步以關(guān)系模型取代驅(qū)力模型成為精神分析的主導(dǎo)理論模型。關(guān)系精神分析的基本理念和基本目標(biāo)是:以包含在各主要精神分析流派中的關(guān)系思想為線索,共同整合成一個(gè)新的以關(guān)系概念為主導(dǎo)的精神分析傳統(tǒng)。關(guān)系精神分析有三種主要的理論形態(tài),分別是整合性元理論、社會建構(gòu)理論與主體間性理論,它們是關(guān)系精神分析學(xué)家一致認(rèn)可和共同遵循的學(xué)科規(guī)范。其中整合性元理論是整個(gè)關(guān)系精神分析理論的根本框架,而社會建構(gòu)理論和主體間性理論之間是一種平行互補(bǔ)的協(xié)調(diào)關(guān)系,以關(guān)系為核心假設(shè),它們分別從不同角度對人類日常生活、個(gè)體心理發(fā)展過程和精神分析過程進(jìn)行了全新的闡釋。各關(guān)系精神分析學(xué)家的理論側(cè)重點(diǎn)雖然不盡相同,但是他們在基本假設(shè)上是保持一致的,他們有許多共享的基本觀點(diǎn)與核心概念。關(guān)系精神分析在理論建構(gòu)與治療實(shí)踐上的探索與成就是全方面的。在具體理論方面,它在發(fā)展理論、潛意識理論、自體觀、性別與性欲理論都有所建樹。在心理病理學(xué)方面,它主要探討了心身障礙、解離型認(rèn)同障礙、施虐狂與受虐狂。在治療觀上,它著眼于精神分析臨床的不同側(cè)面,分別是影響與自主性、儀式與自發(fā)性、主體性與客觀性�？偟恼f來,關(guān)系精神分析有四個(gè)理論特征,分別是關(guān)系性、整合性、后現(xiàn)代性、跨學(xué)科性。關(guān)系精神分析在理論與實(shí)踐方面都對精神分析學(xué)科做出了重大貢獻(xiàn),它在范式上革新,在理論上多元發(fā)展,增強(qiáng)了精神分析的內(nèi)部凝聚力,但它也有其局限性所在。關(guān)系精神分析學(xué)者已經(jīng)有效地改善了精神分析界內(nèi)部的分裂局面,它進(jìn)一步豐富了精神分析思想,主導(dǎo)了精神分析學(xué)的發(fā)展趨勢,增強(qiáng)了精神分析學(xué)的生命力。展望未來,關(guān)系精神分析學(xué)將繼續(xù)沿著已有的多元化道路發(fā)展前進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Relational psychoanalysis is a new orientation of psychoanalytic psychology movement. It emerged in the 1980s and developed rapidly in the following decades. It has gradually become the main force of contemporary psychoanalysis. The thought of relational psychoanalysis mainly comes from three schools: object relation theory, interpersonal relationship psychoanalysis and autologous psychology. It is also influenced by the trend of postmodernism philosophy. Stephen Mitchell, founder of relational psychoanalysis, believes that there has been a relationship orientation in psychoanalysis theory for a long time, which has become more and more obvious in the historical development of psychoanalysis theory. As a result, there is a paradigm shift within psychoanalysis, and gradually replacing the drive model with the relational model becomes the dominant theoretical model of psychoanalysis. The basic idea and goal of relational psychoanalysis is to integrate a new psychoanalysis tradition which is dominated by relation concept with the clue of relation thought contained in the main psychoanalysis schools. There are three main theoretical forms of relational psychoanalysis, one is integration meta-theory, the other is social construction theory and intersubjectivity theory. They are the discipline norms accepted and followed by relational psychoanalysts. The integration meta-theory is the fundamental framework of the whole relational psychoanalysis theory, while the social construction theory and the inter-subjectivity theory are a kind of parallel and complementary coordination relationship, with the relation as the core hypothesis. They explain human daily life, individual psychological development process and psychoanalysis process from different angles. Although the theoretical emphasis of each relational psychoanalyst is different, they are consistent in their basic assumptions. They share many basic views and core concepts. The exploration and achievement of relational psychoanalysis in theoretical construction and therapeutic practice are all aspects. In terms of specific theory, it has made achievements in development theory, subconscious theory, self view, gender and sexual desire theory. In the aspect of psychopathology, it mainly discusses psychosomatic disorder, dissociative identity disorder, masochism and masochism. In the view of treatment, it focuses on different aspects of psychoanalysis, namely influence and autonomy, ritual and spontaneity, subjectivity and objectivity. Generally speaking, relational psychoanalysis has four theoretical characteristics: relational, integration, post-modernity and cross-discipline. Relational psychoanalysis has made great contributions to the discipline of psychoanalysis in both theory and practice. It innovates in paradigm and develops in theory, which strengthens the internal cohesion of psychoanalysis, but it also has its limitations. Relational psychoanalysts have effectively improved the internal division of psychoanalysis, which further enriches psychoanalysis thoughts, dominates the development trend of psychoanalysis, and strengthens the vitality of psychoanalysis. Looking forward to the future, relational psychoanalysis will continue to advance along the existing path of diversification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B84-065

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