【摘要】：以往對(duì)老年人的研究中,大部分用老年人的實(shí)足年齡作為測(cè)量指標(biāo),但實(shí)足年齡有其局限性。主要表現(xiàn)在：遺傳和生活環(huán)境的不同會(huì)導(dǎo)致相同實(shí)足年齡的老年人有不同的老化程度,使得其年齡有不同的感知。事實(shí)上,個(gè)體的很多態(tài)度和行為不是依賴其實(shí)足年齡,而是其自我感知的年齡。因此,對(duì)于認(rèn)知年齡研究也就應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。認(rèn)知年齡是老年人自我感知的年齡,是老年人自我概念的一部分。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)認(rèn)知年齡比實(shí)足年齡在老年人群的細(xì)化方面更有效,更能為研究者和商人提供參考。但是,目前國內(nèi)還沒有關(guān)于老年人認(rèn)知年齡的研究。發(fā)達(dá)國家的研究表明老年人的認(rèn)知年齡比實(shí)足年齡小10-12歲,那么中國老年人的認(rèn)知年齡是否比實(shí)足年齡小,差距情況如何是本研究想要解決的第一個(gè)問題。另外,大部分研究表明,老年人的健康狀況、自評(píng)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、自我效能感、負(fù)性生活事件、休閑活動(dòng)的參與等對(duì)老年人認(rèn)知年齡的感知有重要的影響作用,那么這些因素是否同樣影響著中國老年人認(rèn)知年齡的感知是本研究想要解決的第二個(gè)問題。對(duì)中國老年人的研究,必須考慮到中國的具體國情及中國的文化特點(diǎn),中國為集體主義國家,家庭養(yǎng)老是老年人養(yǎng)老的主要模式,子女支持對(duì)老年人有極其重要的作用。因此,本研究想要解決的第三個(gè)問題便是子女的支持是否會(huì)影響老年人的認(rèn)知年齡。最后,由于以往研究都認(rèn)為認(rèn)知年齡低的老年人冒險(xiǎn)性更強(qiáng),更可能選擇新的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),但都是運(yùn)用問卷的測(cè)量來證明這個(gè)結(jié)果。本研究希望用老年人在模糊決策上的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策——IGT實(shí)驗(yàn)來探討老年人認(rèn)知年齡與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向的相關(guān)性。 本研究采用認(rèn)知年齡量表、自我效能感量表、子女支持問卷、休閑生活問卷、負(fù)性生活事件調(diào)查表、IGT風(fēng)險(xiǎn)傾向?qū)嶒?yàn)、自評(píng)健康和經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況問卷,共調(diào)查了重慶市190名55歲以上的老年人。采用相關(guān)分析、t檢驗(yàn)、方差分析、驗(yàn)證性因素分析和結(jié)構(gòu)方差模型的分析方法,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn), (1)認(rèn)知年齡量表具有良好的信效度,其內(nèi)部一致性系數(shù)為0.90, Amos18.0驗(yàn)證性因素分析的卡方值為1.191(df=2,p=0.551)； (2)老年人的認(rèn)知年齡比實(shí)足年齡小3.56歲(t=5.60,p.001),老年感覺年齡比實(shí)足年齡小2.82歲(t=4.39,p.001),行為年齡比實(shí)足年齡低3.94歲(t=5.59,p.001),興趣年齡比實(shí)足年齡低6.33歲(t=7.78,p.001) (3)結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型顯示,老年人自評(píng)健康、自評(píng)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、休閑活動(dòng)和負(fù)性生活事件與老年人的認(rèn)知年齡高相關(guān),是影響老年人認(rèn)知年齡的主要因素。結(jié)構(gòu)模型的卡方值為14.083(df=20,p=0.826)本研究的結(jié)論為,中國老年人的認(rèn)知年齡確實(shí)比實(shí)足年齡小。提高老年人自評(píng)健康和自評(píng)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況,減少老年人生活中負(fù)性生活事件的發(fā)生,及鼓勵(lì)老年人多參與休閑活動(dòng),有利于老年人自我感知更年輕些,即可以使老年人的認(rèn)知年齡變小。
[Abstract]:In the past, most of the researches on the elderly used the real age of the elderly as a measurement index, but the real age has its limitations. The main manifestations are: the difference of heredity and living environment will lead to the different degree of aging of the elderly with the same real age, making their age have different perceptions. Behavior does not depend on the age at which it is full, but on the age at which it is self-perceived. Cognitive age is the age at which the elderly perceive themselves and a part of their self-concept. However, there is no research on the cognitive age of the elderly in China at present. Studies in developed countries show that the cognitive age of the elderly is 10-12 years younger than the real age, so whether the cognitive age of the elderly in China is younger than the real age and how the gap between them is the first problem this study wants to solve. The results showed that health status, self-assessed economic status, self-efficacy, negative life events, leisure activities and other factors had an important impact on the perception of cognitive age of the elderly. Whether these factors also affected the perception of cognitive age of the elderly in China was the second problem to be solved in this study. China is a collectivist country. Family pension is the main mode of providing for the elderly. Child support plays an extremely important role in the elderly. Therefore, the third question we want to solve in this study is whether the support of children will affect the elderly. Finally, since previous studies have suggested that older people with lower cognitive age are more risk-taking and more likely to choose new products and services, they all use questionnaires to prove this result. Relevance of tendencies.
A total of 190 elderly people over 55 years old in Chongqing were investigated with Cognitive Age Scale, Self-efficacy Scale, Child Support Questionnaire, Leisure Life Questionnaire, Negative Life Event Questionnaire, IGT Risk Tendency Test, Self-rated Health and Economic Status Questionnaire. Correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA, confirmatory factor analysis and structure were used. The analysis method of variance model found that
(1) The Cognitive Age Scale had good reliability and validity. The internal consistency coefficient was 0.90, and the Chi-square value of Amos 18.0 was 1.191 (df = 2, P = 0.551).
(2) The cognitive age of the elderly was 3.56 years younger than the full age (t = 5.60, p.001), the sensory age of the elderly was 2.82 years younger than the full age (t = 4.39, p.001), the behavioral age was 3.94 years younger than the full age (t = 5.59, p.001), and the interest age was 6.33 years younger than the full age (t = 7.78, p.001).
(3) Structural equation model shows that self-rated health, self-rated economic status, leisure activities and negative life events are the main factors affecting the cognitive age of the elderly. The Chi-square value of structural model is 14.083 (df = 20, P = 0.826). The conclusion of this study is that the cognitive age of the elderly in China is indeed comparable to the actual age. Enhancing self-rated health and self-rated economic status of the elderly, reducing the occurrence of negative life events and encouraging the elderly to participate in leisure activities are conducive to younger self-perception of the elderly, that is, younger cognitive age of the elderly.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：2246007