4～6歲兒童在分配情境下的公平敏感性研究
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the fair sensitivity of children aged 4 to 6 years in distribution situations. Methods from April to July 2013, 108 children aged 4 to 6 years old from two kindergartens in Beijing were selected. The fair choice rate was investigated under the condition of anonymity, different cost conditions (no cost, low cost, high cost) and different degree of fairness (low unfair, high unfair), and at the same time, as the determinant and receiver of resource allocation. Results in the low unfair situation: at no cost, 4-year-old children did not show a preference for fairness (22 / 36, P 0.05), 5 or 6 years old children showed a preference for fairness (30 / 36, 30 / 36, P 0.05); at low cost, no preference for fairness was found among the 4- or 56-year-olds (13 / 36, 20 / 36, 20 / 36, 22 / 36, P 0.05); and at a high cost, a group of 45 or 45 years of age, at a high cost, showed no preference for fairness (13 / 36, 20 / 36, 20 / 36, 22 / 36, P / 05), while at a high cost, they showed a preference for fairness (30 / 36 / 36 / 36). Children showed no preference for fairness (6 / 36 / 8 / 36 / 6 P 0.05). 6 years old children did not show a preference for fairness (17 / 36% P 0.05). The fair choice rate of children aged 5 to 6 years was higher than that of 4 years old at no cost (P0.05), the fair choice rate of children aged 6 years old at low cost was higher than that of 4 years old, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), and the fair choice rate of children aged 4 years old at high cost was lower than that of children aged 6 years old. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). In the high unfair situation: at no cost, the 4- year old did not show a preference for fairness (22 / 36 / 24 / 36 / 36) and the 6-year-old showed a preference for fairness (31 / 36 / 36 / 5); at low cost, none showed a preference for fairness (16 / 36 / 19 / 36 / 36 / 6); and at a high cost, a 4 year old child showed no preference for fairness (16 / 36 / 19 / 36 / 31 / 36 / 5); a 4 year old child at high cost showed a preference for fairness (16 / 36 / 19 / 36 / 31 / 36 P / 05); and at a high cost, a 4 year old child showed no preference for fairness. There was no preference for fairness (14 / 36 / 18 / 36 / 36) in 5-year-old children (4 / 36 / 3 / 6 P 0.05), and 5 / 36 years old children did not show a preference for fairness (14 / 36% / 36% P 0.05). The fair choice rate of children aged 6 years old at no cost was higher than that of children aged 4 to 5 years old, the difference was statistically significant (P0.05), there was no significant difference in the rate of fair choice of children aged 6 years old at low cost (P0.05), and the fair choice rate of children aged 4 years old at high cost was lower than that of children aged 5 to 6 years old. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Conclusion the fair sensitivity of 4- and 6-year-old children develops gradually with the increase of age. The cost, the cost and the degree of unfairness have influence on the fair behavior of 4- or 6-year-old children. The preference for fairness and the consideration of self-interest jointly determine the allocation decision of children. With the increase of children's age, the preference for equity gradually dominates.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院行為科學(xué)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室中國(guó)科學(xué)院心理研究所;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);奧爾堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)與哲學(xué)系;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(31000469)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B844.1
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