【摘要】：具有目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的靈活性行為通常需要較高的認(rèn)知控制起作用。在此類靈活性研究中,通常采用維斯卡星卡片分類任務(wù)或轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)范式。轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)實質(zhì)上是對兩種任務(wù)或多種任務(wù)交替進行加工執(zhí)行,這種加工過程涉及對當(dāng)前任務(wù)無關(guān)信息的抑制以及對相關(guān)信息的激活。而這種激活和抑制的過程正是對工作記憶進行研究的背景。但是對任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換和工作記憶之間關(guān)系的研究結(jié)論并不一致,所以有必要更深入地探究工作記憶與任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換之間的關(guān)系。本研究同時采用工作記憶再認(rèn)任務(wù)和層級轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù),對兩者的關(guān)系進行探究。因為工作記憶和層級轉(zhuǎn)換共同從屬于執(zhí)行功能,將兩種任務(wù)結(jié)合一方面可以更好的了解層級轉(zhuǎn)換的本質(zhì)過程,另一方面也可深入探究工作記憶負(fù)荷對層級轉(zhuǎn)換的影響。首先預(yù)實驗采用線索任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換范式,通過指導(dǎo)語使線索特征的三個維度依次為較高層級,結(jié)果證實被試確實可根據(jù)不同的指導(dǎo)語形成相應(yīng)的層級。研究1在預(yù)實驗的基礎(chǔ)上,采用雙任務(wù)范式,使被試同時進行層級轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)和不同記憶負(fù)荷下的數(shù)字再認(rèn)任務(wù),結(jié)果在轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)和再認(rèn)任務(wù)上均發(fā)現(xiàn)了層級和工作記憶負(fù)荷的交互效應(yīng)。研究2在研究1的基礎(chǔ)上,將線索由呈現(xiàn)800 ms后消失改為由被試按鍵后消失(被試在提取出線索所代表的名稱后按空格鍵),然后同研究1一樣進行層級轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)和工作記憶再認(rèn)任務(wù)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)被試在提取線索的反應(yīng)時上層級主效應(yīng)顯著,任務(wù)負(fù)荷的主效應(yīng)及任務(wù)負(fù)荷與層級的交互效應(yīng)不顯著。高層級轉(zhuǎn)換條件下的反應(yīng)時顯著長于低層級轉(zhuǎn)換和重復(fù)條件。在層級轉(zhuǎn)換任務(wù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了層級和工作記憶負(fù)荷的主效應(yīng),未發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者的交互效應(yīng)。在工作記憶再認(rèn)任務(wù)中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了層級和工作記憶負(fù)荷的交互效應(yīng)。由此可知工作記憶負(fù)荷對層級表征任務(wù)線索的提取沒有影響,但對任務(wù)執(zhí)行有影響。這種影響具體表現(xiàn)為:(1)層級任務(wù)的執(zhí)行在工作記憶負(fù)荷恰好達到容量最大限制時,表現(xiàn)出最大的層級效應(yīng)。(2)較高層級相對于較低層級而言,對工作記憶再認(rèn)任務(wù)產(chǎn)生更大的損耗。這表明了任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)換的執(zhí)行需要工作記憶的參與,適度的額外的工作記憶負(fù)荷可以幫助層級信息的維持。
[Abstract]:Target-oriented flexible behavior usually requires higher cognitive control. In this kind of flexible research, Viskacin card sorting task or switching task paradigm is usually used. The switching task is essentially the alternation of two or more tasks, which involves no trust in the current task. This process of activation and inhibition is the background of the study of working memory. However, the research results on the relationship between task switching and working memory are inconsistent, so it is necessary to explore the relationship between working memory and task switching in depth. Because working memory and hierarchical transformation are both subordinate to executive function, the combination of the two tasks can not only better understand the essential process of hierarchical transformation, but also explore the effect of working memory load on hierarchical transformation. Using cue task-switching paradigm, the three dimensions of cue features were ordered to a higher level by the instructions. The results confirmed that the subjects could form corresponding levels according to different instructions. Study 1, based on the pre-experiment, adopted the dual-task paradigm, enabling the subjects to perform the level-switching task at the same time and the number under different memory loads. In study 2, on the basis of study 1, the cues disappeared after 800 ms and disappeared after the subjects pressed the space bar after extracting the name represented by the cues, and then went through the hierarchical transformation as in study 1. The results showed that the main effect of task load and the interaction between task load and hierarchy were not significant. The response time of high-level conversion was significantly longer than that of low-level conversion and repetition. The main effect of working memory load was not found. The interaction effect of hierarchical and working memory load was also found in the recognition task of working memory. Task execution shows the greatest hierarchical effect when the working memory load just reaches the maximum capacity limit. (2) The higher level produces greater loss to the working memory recognition task than the lower level. This indicates that task switching requires the participation of working memory, and moderate additional working memory load can help. Maintenance of hierarchical information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：閩南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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本文編號：2216798