【摘要】：生活中不同的人面臨同樣的事件會有不同的選擇,Schwartz等人根據(jù)理論選擇模型和有限選擇模型理論,提出了最大化和滿意型兩種決策風(fēng)格的理論,他們認(rèn)為持最大化決策風(fēng)格的個體追求事件選項和結(jié)果上的最優(yōu),而持滿意型決策風(fēng)格的個體在選項和結(jié)果上只求滿足自身的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。兩種決策風(fēng)格的個體在決策時表現(xiàn)出多方面的差異,這種差異不僅表現(xiàn)在面臨事件的選項上,也表現(xiàn)在事件選擇的結(jié)果上。近年來,對于這兩種決策風(fēng)格在決策上表現(xiàn)的研究也越來越多,特別是在模糊決策中的研究,因為模糊決策是在對決策規(guī)則不明確下進(jìn)行的選擇,這種決策更接近于我們真實的日常生活中的決策情境。縱觀以往的研究成果,多是采用文獻(xiàn)綜述和測量的方法加以研究,而利用行為實驗方法研究這兩種決策風(fēng)格表現(xiàn)的寥寥無幾。本研究采用最大化量表,風(fēng)險傾向區(qū)分的BART任務(wù)和模糊決策的IGT任務(wù)范式來對這兩種決策風(fēng)格的個體在決策上的差異表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了研究。通過風(fēng)險傾向的BART任務(wù)實驗發(fā)現(xiàn):兩種風(fēng)格的決策者在完成任務(wù)中獲取金錢的金額和對氣球的平均充氣次數(shù)均差異顯著,表明最大化風(fēng)格的決策者在決策中風(fēng)險傾向性高,而滿意型風(fēng)格的決策者風(fēng)險傾向性低。同時也說明最大化風(fēng)格的決策者在決策中更趨于冒險,滿意型風(fēng)格的決策者在決策中更趨于保守。通過模糊決策的IGT任務(wù)實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),兩種風(fēng)格的決策者在任務(wù)完成上獲得的金錢的金額差異顯著,滿意型風(fēng)格的決策者在IGT任務(wù)上獲得的金錢金額數(shù)量比最大化風(fēng)格的決策者更多,而兩種風(fēng)格的決策者在凈分和冒險分?jǐn)?shù)上的差異并不顯著。分析兩種風(fēng)格的被試完成任務(wù)的凈分變化過程發(fā)現(xiàn),最大化風(fēng)格的決策者在任務(wù)前5組的凈分表現(xiàn)起伏不定,后5組穩(wěn)步上升;滿意型風(fēng)格決策者在第2組以后凈分一直穩(wěn)步上升,表明最大化風(fēng)格決策者在選項上會不斷嘗試,試圖找到最優(yōu)選項,因而出現(xiàn)凈分不斷波動現(xiàn)象。而滿意型風(fēng)格決策者在選項上只需要滿足自己內(nèi)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求,對選項的找尋比較少,因此在凈分上表現(xiàn)穩(wěn)步提升。結(jié)合BART實驗的結(jié)果,最大化風(fēng)格的決策者在決策過程中風(fēng)險傾向更高,因此在IGT任務(wù)上表現(xiàn)出更多的不斷嘗試選擇不同選項,而滿意型風(fēng)格的決策者風(fēng)險傾向更低,因此其在IGT任務(wù)上的表現(xiàn)更穩(wěn)定,但隨著最大化風(fēng)格的決策者逐漸認(rèn)識實驗規(guī)律后,兩種決策風(fēng)格的被試在決策任務(wù)上的表現(xiàn)便趨向于一致。
[Abstract]:In life, different people face the same events and have different choices. Schwartz et al., according to the theory of choosing model and the theory of finite choice model, put forward two kinds of decision styles of maximization and satisfaction. They think that individuals with maximum decision style pursue the best choice of event and result, while individuals with satisfactory decision style only seek to meet their own criteria in terms of options and results. There are many differences between the two styles of decision making, not only in the choice of event, but also in the result of event selection. In recent years, there have been more and more researches on the performance of these two styles of decision-making, especially in fuzzy decision-making, because fuzzy decision-making is a choice made under the uncertainty of the decision rules. This kind of decision is closer to the real situation in our daily life. Throughout the past research results, most of them are studied by literature review and measurement methods, but very few of them are studied by behavioral experiment method. In this study, we used maximization scale, risk-prone BART task and fuzzy decision IGT task paradigm to study the difference between the two decision-making styles. Through the BART task experiment of risk propensity, it is found that the two styles of decision makers have significant differences in the amount of money received and the average inflatable times of the balloon in the completion of the task, which indicates that the decision makers with the maximum style have a high risk tendency in the decision-making process. The decision makers with satisfactory style have low risk tendency. It also shows that the decision makers with maximum style tend to be more adventurous in decision-making, and those with satisfactory style tend to be more conservative in decision-making. Through the IGT task experiment of fuzzy decision making, it is found that there is a significant difference between the two styles of decision makers in terms of the amount of money they get on task completion. Satisfied decision makers get more money on IGT tasks than maximized ones, but there is no significant difference in net score and risk score between the two styles. By analyzing the process of the net score change of the two styles, we found that the decision-makers with the maximum style showed fluctuating net scores in the first five groups of tasks, and steadily rising in the latter five groups. The net score of the satisfied style decision-maker has been rising steadily since the second group, which indicates that the maximization style decision-maker will try to find the best option, so the net score will fluctuate continuously. On the other hand, satisfaction style decision makers only need to meet the requirements of their own internal standards on the options, and less search for the options, so the performance of the net score is improving steadily. Combined with the results of BART experiment, the decision makers with maximized style have higher risk propensity in the decision-making process, so they show more and more attempts to choose different options on the IGT task, while the decision makers with satisfactory style have lower risk propensity. Therefore, its performance on IGT tasks is more stable, but as the decision makers with the maximum style gradually understand the experimental rules, the performance of the two decision styles tends to be consistent on the decision-making tasks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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