【摘要】：洪水威脅仍然是當(dāng)今社會(huì)面臨的重要災(zāi)難之一。在洪水問(wèn)題的預(yù)防與治理中,民眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知是重要的決定因素之一。了解影響民眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知的相關(guān)因素及其發(fā)生機(jī)制,既對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中的社會(huì)治理有著重要的價(jià)值,又能夠幫助我們完善風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知研究理論。以往一些學(xué)者提出,信任能夠顯著降低民眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知,然而,也有人認(rèn)為,信任并不能降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知。信任究竟能否降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知呢?如果信任能夠降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知,那么這種作用是通過(guò)什么樣的機(jī)制呢?根據(jù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的精細(xì)加工可能性模型,信任能夠影響到個(gè)體加工信息的方式,使個(gè)體或采用啟發(fā)加工,或采用系統(tǒng)加工,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生不同的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知。為了檢驗(yàn)這一假設(shè)模型,本研究通過(guò)三個(gè)小研究,同時(shí)采用相關(guān)法和實(shí)驗(yàn)法,依次檢驗(yàn)了中國(guó)洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中,信任是否影響風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知以及怎樣影響到風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知的問(wèn)題。研究1為了探討信任究竟是否與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知存在重要關(guān)聯(lián),采用相關(guān)法,以330名社會(huì)成人為研究對(duì)象,探討在中國(guó)的洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題中,民眾對(duì)政府的信任是否與他們的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知有負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):隨著民眾對(duì)政府的信任程度的升高,他們的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知越來(lái)越低。研究2為了探討信任與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系的機(jī)制,采用問(wèn)卷法檢驗(yàn)信息加工方式在信任與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知之間的中介作用,回收有效問(wèn)卷863份。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):在洪水風(fēng)險(xiǎn)問(wèn)題中,政府信任越高,越可能誘發(fā)個(gè)體對(duì)信息進(jìn)行啟發(fā)加工,也有較低的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知,即啟發(fā)加工在政府信任與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知之間的中介效應(yīng)顯著;而系統(tǒng)加工的中介作用并不顯著,低的政府信任直接導(dǎo)致高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知。研究3為了進(jìn)一步支撐信息加工在信任與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知之間存在中介作用的結(jié)論,采用了實(shí)驗(yàn)法。將160名實(shí)驗(yàn)參與者隨機(jī)分配到閱讀高信任材料組和低信任材料組,隨后測(cè)量他們對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)信息的加工方式和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)了同研究2相一致的結(jié)果,支持了本研究的假設(shè)模型。本研究通過(guò)檢驗(yàn)中國(guó)洪水問(wèn)題背景中,民眾對(duì)政府的信任與他們的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知問(wèn)題,不僅為厘清信任與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知的關(guān)系提供了進(jìn)一步的實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)支持,也同時(shí)給政府參與治理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)干預(yù)工作提供了一定的啟示。
[Abstract]:The threat of flood is still one of the most important disasters facing the society today. In flood prevention and management, people's risk perception is one of the important determinants. Understanding the relevant factors and their mechanism of influencing people's risk perception is of great value to the social governance in reality and can help us to perfect the research theory of risk perception. In the past, some scholars proposed that trust can significantly reduce people's risk perception, however, some people think that trust can not reduce risk perception. Can trust reduce risk perception? If trust can reduce risk perception, through what mechanism? According to the possibility model of fine processing of risk, trust can influence the way of individual processing information, making individuals adopt heuristic processing or system processing, and then produce different risk perception. In order to test this hypothetical model, through three small studies, using correlation method and experimental method, this study examines whether trust affects risk perception and how to affect risk perception in China. In order to investigate whether trust has an important relationship with risk perception, 330 adults were used to study the flood risk in China. People's trust in government is negatively correlated with their risk perception. The results showed that as people's trust in government increased, their risk perception became lower and lower. In order to explore the mechanism of negative correlation between trust and risk perception, the questionnaire method was used to examine the intermediary effect of information processing on trust and risk perception, and 863 valid questionnaires were collected. The results show that the higher the government trust is, the more likely it is to induce individuals to process the information and have lower risk perception, that is, the intermediary effect of heuristic processing between government trust and risk perception is significant. But the intermediary function of system processing is not significant, low government trust directly leads to high risk perception. In order to further support the conclusion that information processing plays an intermediary role between trust and risk perception, the experimental method is adopted. 160 participants were randomly assigned to read high trust material group and low trust material group, and then measured their processing mode and risk perception of risk information. The results are consistent with the results of study 2 and support the hypothetical model of this study. This study not only provides further empirical data support for clarifying the relationship between trust and risk perception, but also examines people's trust in government and their risk perception in the context of flood problems in China. At the same time, the government to participate in the governance of risk intervention work to provide some inspiration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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