本文選題：風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策 + 決策風(fēng)格�。� 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著決策研究的發(fā)展和深入,風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策在管理學(xué)、心理學(xué)等多個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域都成為倍受矚目的研究焦點(diǎn),研究者們逐漸開(kāi)始重視個(gè)體心理特征對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響,多種個(gè)體心理特征與決策的相關(guān)理論也因此而產(chǎn)生,各種理論雖然說(shuō)法不一,但是有一點(diǎn)是相同的——個(gè)體心理特征中個(gè)體的決策風(fēng)格與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策有著密切的關(guān)系,但有關(guān)不同類型的決策風(fēng)格是如何對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向產(chǎn)生影響作用的實(shí)證研究比較少,基于此現(xiàn)狀本研究試圖深入探討決策風(fēng)格對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響作用。自從Kahneman和Tversky提出框架效應(yīng)以來(lái),框架效應(yīng)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策關(guān)系的研究一直是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn),國(guó)內(nèi)外的學(xué)者對(duì)框架效應(yīng)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的關(guān)系展開(kāi)了大量的研究,但是對(duì)于討論兩個(gè)變量即決策風(fēng)格和框架共同作用于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的研究比較缺乏。因此,本研究從心理學(xué)角度,采用心理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法,研究決策風(fēng)格和框架效應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的共同影響作用,并探索決策風(fēng)格在框架效應(yīng)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策關(guān)系之間的調(diào)節(jié)作用。本研究以山西省的在校大學(xué)生為被試,首先探討了四種決策風(fēng)格類型對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的不同影響作用；其次對(duì)框架效應(yīng)的存在問(wèn)題進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,并分析了獲益和損失兩種框架對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的影響機(jī)制；最后采用4×2的被試間實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),探討不同決策風(fēng)格類型和不同框架變量對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的共同影響,同時(shí)探討決策風(fēng)格對(duì)框架效應(yīng)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策關(guān)系之間的調(diào)節(jié)作用。本研究用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)研究數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、多因素方差分析、多重事后檢驗(yàn)(LSD)、簡(jiǎn)單效應(yīng)分析等,得出以下的研究結(jié)論：1、不同類型的決策風(fēng)格對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向有著不同的影響作用：直覺(jué)-沖動(dòng)型和逃避型決策風(fēng)格對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的影響有顯著差異,而理智型和依賴型兩種決策風(fēng)格對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的影響差異不顯著；2、不同的框架效應(yīng)對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向有不同的影響作用：被試在獲益框架下傾向于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避,而在損失框架下更傾向于冒險(xiǎn)；3、決策風(fēng)格和框架效應(yīng)共同作用于同一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情境中,都對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向產(chǎn)生影響,并對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的影響存在交互作用；4、決策風(fēng)格在框架效應(yīng)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策傾向的關(guān)系之間起調(diào)節(jié)作用：理智型和依賴型的決策風(fēng)格者在獲益的框架下是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避的,而在損失框架下則表現(xiàn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好；直覺(jué)-沖動(dòng)型的決策風(fēng)格者在兩種框架下都表現(xiàn)為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好,但是在損失情境中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好表現(xiàn)的更加明顯；逃避型的決策風(fēng)格者則在兩種框架下都是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避的,但在獲益框架下風(fēng)險(xiǎn)規(guī)避的傾向增加。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development and deepening of decision making research, risk decision making has become the focus of research in many disciplines such as management, psychology and so on. Researchers have gradually begun to attach importance to the impact of individual psychological characteristics on risk decision-making. Many kinds of individual psychological characteristics and the relevant theories of decision making are also produced. Although the theories are different, one thing is that the individual's decision style in the individual psychological characteristics is closely related to the risk decision making. However, there are few empirical studies on how different types of decision-making styles affect risk decision-making tendency. Based on this situation, this study attempts to explore the impact of decision-making styles on risk decision-making. Since Kahneman and Tversky put forward the frame effect, the research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision making has been a hot topic in the field of risk decision. Scholars at home and abroad have carried out a lot of research on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision making. However, there is a lack of research on the role of two variables, that is, decision style and framework, in risk decision making. Therefore, from the perspective of psychology, this study studies the influence of decision style and frame effect on risk decision, and explores the role of decision style in regulating the relationship between frame effect and risk decision. This study, taking the college students in Shanxi Province as the subjects, first discusses the different effects of four types of decision-making styles on the risk decision-making tendency, and then verifies the existing problems of the frame effect. The influence mechanism of benefit and loss on risk decision-making tendency is analyzed, and the influence of different decision styles and different frame variables on risk decision tendency is discussed by using 4 脳 2 experiment design. At the same time, the effect of decision style on the relationship between frame effect and risk decision is discussed. In this study, descriptive statistical analysis, multivariate variance analysis, multiple post test (LSD), simple effect analysis and so on were carried out with SPSS 16.0 statistical software. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) different types of decision-making styles have different effects on risk decision propensity: intuitionistic, impulsive and evasive decision styles have significant effects on risk decision propensity. However, there is no significant difference between rational and dependent decision styles on risk decision-making tendency. Different frame effects have different effects on risk decision-making tendency: subjects tend to avoid risk under the benefit framework. But under the loss frame, the decision-making style and the frame effect act together in the same risk situation, both have the influence on the risk decision tendency, and have the interaction to the risk decision tendency influence. (4) Decision-making style regulates the relationship between frame effect and risk decision tendency: rational and dependent decision stylist is risk-averse under the frame of benefit, but risk preference is shown in the frame of loss; The intuitionistic and impulsive decision stylistics showed risk preference in both frameworks, but the risk preference was more obvious in the loss context, while the evasive decision style was risk-averse under both frameworks. But risk aversion increases under the benefit framework.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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本文編號(hào)：2113272