本文選題：視覺(jué)工作記憶容量 + 精度需求　； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為大腦認(rèn)知加工的核心部分,工作記憶的容量決定了我們所能夠同時(shí)加工的信息數(shù)量。盡管工作記憶的容量已被大量研究證明是極其有限的,但決定工作記憶中能夠存儲(chǔ)的項(xiàng)目數(shù)量的根本原因是工作記憶容量資源的分配模式。在對(duì)這一分配模式進(jìn)行解釋時(shí),出現(xiàn)了各種不同的假設(shè)和理論。爭(zhēng)議點(diǎn)集中于項(xiàng)目復(fù)雜度對(duì)容量分配的影響、項(xiàng)目特征數(shù)量對(duì)容量分配的影響和表征精度與容量分配的關(guān)系�？紤]到這三個(gè)問(wèn)題間的重疊性,當(dāng)前研究試圖利用對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單刺激的適當(dāng)操控從復(fù)雜度因素中分離出精度需求和特征數(shù)量的影響,在控制記憶特征本身的差異和單個(gè)項(xiàng)目所包含的特征數(shù)量的前提下,操控對(duì)記憶項(xiàng)目的精度需求來(lái)考察純粹的精度需求對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶容量資源分配的影響,并分別在不同的精度需求條件下檢驗(yàn)特征數(shù)量對(duì)容量資源分配的影響。 研究一使用單色方塊作為記憶目標(biāo),通過(guò)改變記憶項(xiàng)目和測(cè)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目的顏色相似性來(lái)操控對(duì)記憶項(xiàng)目的表征精度需求。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),排除了測(cè)驗(yàn)難度的影響而獲得的容量估值與電生理學(xué)指標(biāo)都表明精度需求的提高未能使容量下降,盡管可能提高了表征的精度。研究二為了檢驗(yàn)這一結(jié)果是否適用于記憶多特征項(xiàng)目時(shí)的情況,使用了雙色方塊作為記憶目標(biāo),通過(guò)變化記憶項(xiàng)目和測(cè)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目間可能發(fā)生改變的顏色數(shù)量來(lái)操控精度需求,并加入單色塊條件和兩種雙色塊條件的比較來(lái)考察特征數(shù)量的效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于多特征項(xiàng)目精度需求依然不會(huì)對(duì)容量分配造成影響,并且同樣可能提高了與精度相關(guān)的控制資源的投入,但特征數(shù)量的增多則會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多容量資源的消耗,卻不一定會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多控制資源的投入。 總之,當(dāng)前的兩項(xiàng)研究表明,不管是記憶單特征還是多特征項(xiàng)目,精度需求的提高盡管可能會(huì)誘發(fā)表征精度的提高但不會(huì)使容量下降,而特征數(shù)量的增加會(huì)使容量資源的消耗增多并與精度需求無(wú)關(guān)。以上結(jié)果與視覺(jué)工作記憶容量的插槽-資源模型更為相符,即存儲(chǔ)數(shù)量限制與表征精度限制是由相互分離的兩種資源決定的。
[Abstract]:As the core part of cognitive processing, the capacity of working memory determines the amount of information we can process at the same time. Although the capacity of working memory has been proved to be extremely limited by a large number of studies, the fundamental reason for determining the number of items that can be stored in working memory is the allocation pattern of working memory capacity resources. Various hypotheses and theories have emerged in the explanation of this distribution model. The controversy focuses on the impact of project complexity on capacity allocation, the effect of item feature number on capacity allocation and the relationship between representation accuracy and capacity allocation. Considering the overlap between these three problems, current studies attempt to separate the effects of precision requirements and the number of features from complexity factors using appropriate manipulation of simple stimuli. Under the premise of controlling the differences of memory features and the number of features contained in a single item, the effect of pure precision requirements on the allocation of resources of visual working memory capacity is investigated by manipulating the accuracy requirements of memory items. The effect of quantity of feature on capacity resource allocation is tested under different precision requirements. In this study, monochromatic squares were used as memory targets to manipulate the accuracy requirements of memory items by changing the color similarity of memory items and test items. It is found that both the capacity estimation and the electrophysiological indexes obtained after eliminating the influence of the difficulty of the test indicate that the increase of accuracy demand fails to reduce the capacity although it may improve the accuracy of characterization. In the second study, in order to test whether this result is applicable to memory multi-feature items, we used two-color squares as memory targets to manipulate precision requirements by changing the number of colors that may change between the memory items and the test items. The effect of characteristic quantity is investigated by adding the comparison of monochromatic block condition and two color block conditions. The results show that the accuracy requirements of multi-feature projects still have no effect on capacity allocation, and may also increase the input of precision related control resources, but the increase of the number of features will lead to the consumption of more capacity resources. But it does not necessarily lead to more investment in controlling resources. All in all, two current studies have shown that, regardless of whether it is a memory single feature or a multi-feature item, increased accuracy requirements may lead to improved representation accuracy, but not to a decrease in capacity. The increase in the number of features will increase the consumption of capacity resources and independent of accuracy requirements. The above results are more consistent with the slot resource model of visual working memory capacity, that is, the storage quantity limit and the representation accuracy limit are determined by the two resources separated from each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號(hào)：2103084