本文選題：道德判斷 + 接觸�。� 參考：《廣西師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：道德(morality)是人類文明的基礎成分,道德判斷則始終是道德心理學研究的焦點。當代不斷涌現(xiàn)出涉及隱喻和具身認知的道德判斷研究,揭示了具體的身體體驗與抽象的社會經(jīng)驗之間的心理關聯(lián)(李宏翰,許闖,2012)。近年來,具身道德的研究涉及了視覺(Banerjee,Chatterjee,Sinha,2012)、聽覺(SeidelPrinz,2013).味覺(Hellmann,Thoben,Echterhoff,2013)、嗅覺(Schnall,Haidt,Clore,＆Jordan,2008)等感官知覺,相關研究結(jié)果表明多通道的狀態(tài)信息與高級的認知之間聯(lián)系緊密。Myers(2007)認為,觸覺可能是我們最早發(fā)展起來的感覺,而最近更有研究表明,接觸會造成不道德的傳染(Eskine. Novreske,Richards,2013)。 實際上,人與人之間的心理傳染在日常生活中尋�？梢�,例如責備(Fast＆Tiedens,2010)、內(nèi)疚(Gino,Gu,Zhong,2009)、幸福(FOwlerChristakis,2008)等都可以通過人際互動得到傳播。除此之外,研究者發(fā)現(xiàn),物體與人之間的交互也能傳染各自的特質(zhì),例如,人們更不喜歡自己貼上氰化物標識的糖果(Rozin,Millman,Nemeroff,1986),更不愿意穿著具有道德污點的人穿過的衣服(Rozin,Markwith,＆McCauley,1994)。這是基于個體的“奇特思維”,即人們認為本質(zhì)可以在人與物體之間傳遞(Rozin＆Nemeroff,1990)。 Eskine et al.(2013)發(fā)現(xiàn)與不道德者的間接接觸(椅子的共享)或直接接觸(握手)會使被試出現(xiàn)內(nèi)疚的感覺,表明了道德傳染的存在。據(jù)此推測,若個體與不道德相關的物品接觸,會因為本質(zhì)的傳遞而體會到不道德的情緒。并且,已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),厭惡與道德之間聯(lián)系密切(Skarlicki,Hoegg,Aquino,Nadisic,2013；Sherman,Haidt,Clore,2012),但是不道德的傳染和厭惡之間更確切的關系仍有待進一步探究。此外,相關研究結(jié)果表明,相較于清潔其他的身體部位,洗手行為更能消除個體的不道德情緒,并影響其對道德問題的評價(Zhong＆Liljenquist,2006；Schnall,Benton,＆Harvey,2008；Lee＆Schwarz,2010).基于此,本研究將探究不道德傳染之后,手部的物理清潔是否能消減不道德的傳染,并影響隨后的道德判斷。 綜上所述,本文采用Eskine et al.(2013)的研究范式,在具身認知的框架下,考察與不道德相關物品的接觸與道德判斷的關系。共設計了三個實驗,實驗一通過讓被試穿著不道德者的衣服,檢驗不道德的本質(zhì)是否會在個體間傳染,以及這種不道德本質(zhì)的傳染對道德判斷的影響。實驗二采用與實驗一類似的范式,讓被試穿戴不道德者用過的手套,考察不道德本質(zhì)的傳染是否會使個體體會到厭惡和避害需要,并探究其是否道德判斷發(fā)生變化的內(nèi)在機制。實驗三在實驗二的基礎上,讓所有被試都穿戴不道德手套,考察物理清潔之后,與不道德手套接觸的不快體驗是否會得到消除。 研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)： (1)穿戴不道德者衣物的被試和控制組的被試的道德情緒存在顯著差異,與控制組相比,穿戴不道德者衣物組體會到更強烈的負性道德情緒(內(nèi)疚、厭惡),表明不道德的本質(zhì)可以通過接觸進行傳遞。 (2)穿戴不道德者衣物的被試和控制組的被試的道德判斷存在顯著差異,與控制組相比,穿戴不道德者衣物組會做出更嚴厲的道德判斷,將道德兩難問題和不道德行為都評價得更不道德。 (3)穿著不道德者衣服能夠有效地激起被試的心理污染,與控制組相比,穿著不道德者衣服組的心理污染更強烈。 (4)穿戴不道德者衣物能夠有效地激起被試的避害需要,與控制組相比,穿戴不道德者衣物組的避害需要更強烈。 (5)厭惡是不道德傳染和道德判斷之間的完全中介變量。 (6)停止與不道德相關衣物的接觸并不能消除不道德的傳染,但是物理清潔能夠減輕被試的厭惡情緒,并導致更嚴厲的道德判斷。
[Abstract]:Morality (morality) is the basic component of human civilization, and moral judgment is always the focus of the study of moral psychology. The contemporary study of moral judgment involving metaphor and physical cognition has emerged in the present time, revealing the psychological association between specific physical experience and abstract social experience (Li Honghan, Xu, 2012). The study involved visual (Banerjee, Chatterjee, Sinha, 2012), hearing (SeidelPrinz, 2013). Sense of taste (Hellmann, Thoben, Echterhoff, 2013), sense of sense (Schnall, Haidt, Clore, Jordan, 2008), and related research shows that the link between multi-channel state information and advanced cognition is closely.Myers (2007) that touch may be us The earliest developed feeling, and more recently, has been shown that contact can lead to immoral infections (Eskine. Novreske, Richards, 2013).
In fact, the psychological contagion between people is common in daily life, such as blame (Gino, 2010), guilt (Gu, Zhong, 2009), and happiness (FOwlerChristakis, 2008) all can be transmitted through interpersonal interaction. In addition, researchers find that the interaction between objects and people can also infect their own traits, such as people. They don't like the confectionery (Rozin, Millman, Nemeroff, 1986), more reluctant to wear clothes that have moral stains (Rozin, Markwith, and 1994). This is based on the individual "strange thinking" that people think that this quality can be passed between people and objects (1990).
Eskine et al. (2013) found that indirect contact with immoral persons (the sharing of chairs) or direct contact (shaking hands) could cause a feeling of guilt, indicating the existence of moral contagion. Accordingly, it is speculated that if the individual is in contact with unethical related items, the immoral emotion will be realized by the transmission of the essence. The relationship between disgust and moral is closely related (Skarlicki, Hoegg, Aquino, Nadisic, 2013; Sherman, Haidt, Clore, 2012), but the more precise relationship between the unethical transmission and disgust remains to be further explored. Based on this, this study will explore whether the physical cleanliness of the hand can reduce the immoral infection and affect the following moral judgment after the study of the immoral infection.
To sum up, this article uses the research paradigm of Eskine et al. (2013) to examine the relationship between contact and moral judgment of unethical related items under the framework of physical cognition. A total of three experiments are designed. Experiment two adopts a paradigm similar to experiment, which allows the subjects to wear gloves used by unethical persons to examine whether the infection of the immoral nature will make individuals feel the need for disgust and avoidance, and to explore the inherent mechanism of the change of moral judgment. Experiment three is based on experiment two. Let all participants wear gloves of immorality. After studying physical cleanliness, the experience of unpleasant contact with unethical gloves will be eliminated.
The results of the study are as follows:
(1) there was a significant difference in moral emotion between the subjects and the control group who wore unethical clothes. Compared with the control group, the wearer clothing group experienced stronger negative moral sentiments (guilt, disgust), indicating that the immoral nature could be transmitted through contact.
(2) there is a significant difference between the moral judgments of the subjects who wear immoral clothes and the subjects in the control group. Compared with the control group, the wearer clothing group will make more severe moral judgments, and evaluate the moral dilemma and unethical behavior more immoral.
(3) clothes wearing immoral clothes can effectively arouse the psychological pollution of the subjects. Compared with the control group, the psychological pollution of the clothes group wearing immoral persons is more intense.
(4) clothing with immoral clothing can effectively arouse the need of avoiding the harm of the subjects. Compared with the control group, the clothing group wearing the immoral person needs more evades.
(5) aversion is a complete mediator between immoral contagion and moral judgment.
(6) the stop of contact with immoral clothing does not eliminate the immoral infection, but physical cleanliness can reduce the disgust of the subjects and lead to a more severe moral judgment.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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