本文選題：顯性自戀 + 隱性自戀　； 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：先前多數(shù)研究表明,不同的群體對同一信息或同一個體對不同信息的注意偏向均存在著較大差異,而這種有差異的注意偏向?qū)�體來說具有積極的適應(yīng)意義,它不僅有利于人們的生存和自身發(fā)展,也是個體生活的基本需要,適應(yīng)著現(xiàn)代復(fù)雜的信息世界。在本研究中,我們選擇了近期研究比較熱的一個人格變量—自戀,這個具有過度積極和自信的人格特質(zhì)在認(rèn)知方面存在什么樣的偏差呢?這個充滿感情色彩和神奇魅力的人格又具有什么樣的注意偏向特點(diǎn)呢?以往關(guān)于自戀的研究大致分為兩條主線,一是針對自戀人格本身的研究,如這種人格的適應(yīng)性特點(diǎn)、自戀者的主觀幸福感、自戀者的自尊等；一是針對自戀者行為特點(diǎn)的研究,如攻擊行為、決策行為、注意行為和記憶扭曲行為等。而本研究就是沿著第二條主線展開,探討自戀者在不同信息上的注意偏向有何特點(diǎn)。如對自戀者來說,他們更容易注意到什么樣的信息或者更容易忽略什么樣的信息呢?這種注意偏向的背后究竟會隱藏著什么樣的注意機(jī)制呢? 本研究從顯性自戀和隱性自戀的角度出發(fā),共有兩個實(shí)驗(yàn)組成。實(shí)驗(yàn)一根據(jù)被試在顯性和隱性自戀人格問卷上的得分對被試進(jìn)行自戀水平高低組的劃分,高水平組為高自戀組,低水平組為低自戀組,同時采用情緒Stroop任務(wù)考查了58名大學(xué)生對積極詞、消極詞和中性詞的注意偏向。實(shí)驗(yàn)一假設(shè)高顯性自戀者會對積極詞產(chǎn)生注意偏向,高隱性自戀者會對消極詞表現(xiàn)出注意偏向。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),高顯性自戀者對積極詞匯表現(xiàn)出明顯的注意偏向,命名積極詞匯的反應(yīng)時明顯長于命名中性詞和消極詞匯的反應(yīng)時,即在積極詞上受到了更多的情緒干擾；而高隱性自戀者則對消極詞產(chǎn)生了注意偏向,命名消極詞的反應(yīng)時明顯長于中性詞和積極詞,即在消極詞上均產(chǎn)生了更大的情緒干擾。實(shí)驗(yàn)二在實(shí)驗(yàn)一的基礎(chǔ)上,采用圖片實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,進(jìn)一步采用空間線索任務(wù)范式對92名大學(xué)生就不同圖片類型的注意偏向及其機(jī)制進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)二假設(shè)高顯性自戀者會對積極圖片表現(xiàn)出明顯的注意偏向,高隱性自戀者會對消極圖片表現(xiàn)出明顯的注意傾向。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),高顯性自戀者對積極圖片表現(xiàn)出明顯的注意偏向,產(chǎn)生了對積極圖片的警覺和顯著的脫離困難；而高隱性自戀組則表現(xiàn)出對消極圖片的注意偏向,對消極圖片產(chǎn)生了回避傾向。本研究較系統(tǒng)的考察了兩種類型自戀者對不同情緒信息的注意偏向特點(diǎn)及其行為背后所隱藏的注意機(jī)制,拓寬了關(guān)于自戀認(rèn)知方面的研究,為后期有針對性的對高自戀者或者低自戀者注意偏向進(jìn)行科學(xué)訓(xùn)練提供了理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Most previous studies have shown that there are significant differences in the attention bias of different groups to the same information or the same individual to different information, and this different attention bias has positive adaptive significance to the individual. It is not only conducive to the survival and development of people, but also the basic needs of individual life, adapting to the modern complex information world. In this study, we chose narcissism, one of the most popular personality variables in recent studies. What is the cognitive bias in this personality trait, which is overactive and confident? What kind of attention does this personality, which is full of emotional color and magical charm, have? Previous studies on narcissism have been divided into two main lines, one is the study of narcissistic personality itself, such as the adaptive characteristics of this personality, the subjective well-being of narcissists, the self-esteem of narcissists, and the other is the study of the behavioral characteristics of narcissists. Such as aggressive behavior, decision-making behavior, attention behavior and memory distortion behavior and so on. This study was carried out along the second main line to explore the characteristics of narcissistic attention bias in different information. For example, for narcissists, what kind of information are more likely to be noticed or ignored by narcissists? What kind of attention mechanism is hidden behind this kind of attention bias? From the perspective of explicit narcissism and recessive narcissism, this study consists of two experiments. In experiment one, according to the scores of explicit and recessive narcissism personality questionnaire, the subjects were divided into high and low narcissism groups. The high level group was high narcissism group, the low level group was low narcissism group. At the same time, the emotional Stroop task was used to examine 58 college students' attention bias to positive, negative and neutral words. Experiment one assumes that high dominant narcissists will show attention bias to positive words, and high recessive narcissists will show attention bias towards negative words. The results showed that the highly dominant narcissists showed obvious attention bias to positive words, and the reaction time of naming positive words was significantly longer than that of naming neutral words and negative words, that is, there was more emotional interference in positive words. However, the highly recessive narcissists tend to pay attention to negative words, and the reaction time of naming negative words is longer than that of neutral words and positive words, that is, there is more emotional disturbance in negative words. On the basis of experiment 1, the second experiment uses the image experiment material to further study the attention bias and its mechanism of 92 college students on different picture types by using the spatial clue task paradigm. In experiment two, it was assumed that high dominant narcissists would show obvious attention bias towards positive images, and high recessive narcissists would show obvious attention tendencies towards negative images. The results showed that the high-dominant narcissists showed obvious attention bias to the positive images, which resulted in the alertness to the positive images and the difficulty of getting rid of the positive images, while the high recessive narcissism group showed the attention bias to the negative images. There is a tendency to avoid negative images. This study systematically investigated the attention bias characteristics of two types of narcissists to different emotional information and the hidden attention mechanism behind their behavior, and broadened the research on narcissism cognition. It provides a theoretical basis for scientific training of high narcissistic or low narcissistic attention bias.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.3

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本文編號：2102272