本文選題：助人困境 + 反社會懲罰��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：社會困境(social dilemma)研究中的懲罰可以被分為利他懲罰(altruistic punishment)和反社會懲罰(antisocial punishment)。反社會懲罰是一種朝向合作者的懲罰,是一種“懲罰比自己貢獻(xiàn)的更多的人”的行為。利他懲罰促進(jìn)了社會困境中的合作行為,但反社會懲罰更多的抑制了這種合作行為。助人困境是社會困境的一種,個體對他人提供幫助,自己沒有從中獲得即時獲益,甚至還會犧牲個人利益。因此很多人選擇“只掃自己門前雪,不管他人瓦上霜”,這種選擇保證了短期個人利益不受損害,但是損害了長期利益,因?yàn)閺拈L遠(yuǎn)來看,人人不助人,人人也不能得到幫助。近年來,我國社會中呈現(xiàn)出了大量的反社會懲罰行為,嚴(yán)重影響到了助人困境中的助人行為。眾多因素被發(fā)現(xiàn)與反社會懲罰有關(guān),包括個體因素及社會環(huán)境因素。其中,競爭環(huán)境的激烈程度及反社會懲罰的懲罰代價效應(yīng)比(cost to impact,簡稱C/I比)又被認(rèn)為對反社會懲罰行為有著重要的影響作用。本研究通過模擬生活中的助人困境,擬探索不同的競爭環(huán)境及反社會懲罰的懲罰代價效應(yīng)比對反社會懲罰行為的影響,并嘗試引入第三方懲罰,對助人困境中的反社會懲罰行為進(jìn)行干預(yù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用3 (C/I1; C/I=1; C/I＞1) ×2 (高競爭環(huán)境;低競爭環(huán)境)的兩因素多水平被試間設(shè)計(jì),對不同競爭環(huán)境及不同的懲罰代價效應(yīng)比對反社會懲罰行為的影響進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),反社會懲罰的懲罰代價效應(yīng)比(C/I比)對于反社會懲罰行為主效應(yīng)顯著,C/I比值越小,被試的反社會懲罰行為越多;競爭環(huán)境對于被試的反社會懲罰行為主效應(yīng)邊緣顯著,低競爭環(huán)境中被試的反社會懲罰行為多于高競爭環(huán)境中被試的反社會懲罰行為;競爭環(huán)境與反社會懲罰的懲罰代價效應(yīng)比之間的交互效應(yīng)邊緣顯著顯著。實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用2 (75%懲罰概率;25%懲罰概率)×2 (金錢懲罰;社會懲罰)的兩因素多水平被試間設(shè)計(jì),研究了第三方懲罰的不同懲罰形式及不同懲罰概率對被試的反社會懲罰行為造成的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)存在第三方懲罰時,受助者的反社會懲罰行為顯著降低;懲罰形式對于反社會懲罰行為的主效應(yīng)顯著;與金錢懲罰相比,社會懲罰能夠更有效的降低反社會懲罰行為;懲罰概率對于助人困境中反社會懲罰行為的主效應(yīng)不顯著;懲罰形式及懲罰概率二者間交互效應(yīng)不顯著。結(jié)論:懲罰代價效應(yīng)比對于助人困境中的反社會懲罰影響顯著,第三方懲罰能夠有效的降低助人困境中的反社會懲罰行為,社會懲罰對于反社會懲罰行為的干預(yù)作用優(yōu)于金錢懲罰。
[Abstract]:Punishment in the study of social dilemma (social dilemma) can be divided into altruistic punishment (altruistic punishment) and antisocial punishment (antisocial punishment). Anti-social punishment is a kind of punishment directed towards partners and a behavior of punishing more people than they contribute. Altruistic punishment promotes cooperative behavior in social dilemmas, but antisocial punishment inhibits it more. Helping others is a kind of social predicament. Individuals offer help to others, and they do not benefit immediately from it, even at the expense of their own interests. As a result, many people choose to "only sweep their own door snow, regardless of others on the frost," this choice to ensure that the short-term personal interests are not damaged, but harm the long-term interests, because in the long run, no one can help others, no one can get help. In recent years, a large number of antisocial punishment behaviors have appeared in our society, which have seriously affected the helping behavior in the predicament of helping others. Many factors have been found to be related to anti-social punishment, including individual factors and social environmental factors. Among them, the intensity of competition environment and the penalty cost effect of antisocial punishment are more important than (cost to impact, (C / P I ratio). By simulating the plight of helping others in life, this study intends to explore the impact of different competitive environments and the cost effect of antisocial punishment on the antisocial punishment behavior, and try to introduce the third party punishment. To intervene in antisocial punishment in the plight of helping others. In experiment 1, the effects of different competitive environments and different penalty cost ratios on the antisocial punishment behavior were studied by using a two-factor multi-level design of 3 (C / I 1; C / I > 1) 脳 2 (high competitive environment; low competitive environment). The results showed that the lower the ratio of C / I to C / I was, the more the behavior of antisocial punishment was. The main effect of the competition environment on the behavior of antisocial punishment was significant, and the behavior of antisocial punishment in the low competition environment was more than that in the high competition environment. The penalty cost effect of competitive environment and anti-social punishment is more significant than the edge of the interaction effect between competition environment and anti-social punishment. In experiment 2, two factors (75% probability of punishment, 25% probability of punishment) 脳 2 (monetary punishment; social punishment) were used to design two factors, The effects of different punishment forms and different punishment probabilities on the antisocial punishment behavior of the subjects were studied. The results showed that, when there was third party punishment, the behavior of antisocial punishment was significantly reduced, and the main effect of punishment form on antisocial punishment was significant. Social punishment can reduce the antisocial punishment behavior more effectively; the main effect of punishment probability on helping others in the plight of anti-social punishment behavior is not significant; punishment form and punishment probability interaction effect is not significant. Conclusion: the cost effect of punishment is more significant than that of antisocial punishment in helping others' predicament. Third party punishment can effectively reduce the antisocial punishment behavior in helping others' dilemma. The intervention effect of social punishment on anti-social punishment is superior to that of monetary punishment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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