本文選題：位置信息 + 視覺(jué)工作記憶�。� 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,個(gè)體為了指導(dǎo)針對(duì)客體的行為,必須將特征信息和位置信息整合,即客體-位置綁定。理論研究同樣也強(qiáng)調(diào)了位置信息在視覺(jué)工作記憶中的作用,位置信息在知覺(jué)和記憶階段被用作分離客體的依據(jù),在再認(rèn)階段被用作識(shí)別客體的線索。以往的研究在探究位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響時(shí)大多采用單個(gè)探測(cè)的方式,考察對(duì)于單個(gè)客體的再認(rèn)是否受到位置信息的影響,而本文采用全部探測(cè),考察對(duì)于同時(shí)呈現(xiàn)的多個(gè)客體的工作記憶是否受到位置信息的影響,這種影響是否會(huì)因?yàn)橐曇昂臀恢米兓目深A(yù)期性的差異而有所不同。實(shí)驗(yàn)1,采用3(記憶子集:2,4,6項(xiàng)目)×2(探測(cè)方式:單個(gè)探測(cè),全部探測(cè))×2(再認(rèn)位置:位置不變,位置變化)三因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)2在實(shí)驗(yàn)1的基礎(chǔ)上加入了視野這一因素,在左右視野分別呈現(xiàn)同等數(shù)量的色塊,要求被試只記憶某側(cè)視野的客體,采用3(記憶子集:2,4,6項(xiàng)目)×2(探測(cè)方式:單個(gè)探測(cè),全部探測(cè))×2(再認(rèn)位置:位置不變,位置變化)×2(視野:左,右)四因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)1和實(shí)驗(yàn)2中再認(rèn)位置變化時(shí),色塊總是出現(xiàn)在固定的位置,位置的變化是可預(yù)期的。實(shí)驗(yàn)3在實(shí)驗(yàn)1的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行調(diào)整,位置變化時(shí),色塊出現(xiàn)的位置是隨機(jī)的。實(shí)驗(yàn)3中僅使用全部探測(cè),采用3(記憶子集:2,4,6項(xiàng)目)×2(再認(rèn)位置:位置不變,位置變化)兩因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)。實(shí)驗(yàn)1到實(shí)驗(yàn)3再認(rèn)位置條件在子任務(wù)間平衡,被試清楚地知道接下來(lái)的任務(wù)中是否需要對(duì)應(yīng)位置。實(shí)驗(yàn)4再認(rèn)位置在區(qū)組內(nèi)平衡,被試在記憶時(shí)并不知道,接下來(lái)的試次中探測(cè)序列中的位置是否會(huì)發(fā)生變化,并使用統(tǒng)一的指導(dǎo)語(yǔ)要求被試判斷記憶序列和探測(cè)序列的所有顏色是否全部相同。同實(shí)驗(yàn)3一樣,采用3(記憶子集大小:2項(xiàng)目,4項(xiàng)目,6項(xiàng)目)×2(再認(rèn)位置:位置不變,位置變化)兩因素被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)。另外,在每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中,被試在完成視覺(jué)工作記憶任務(wù)后,都需要完成一個(gè)空間工作記憶廣度測(cè)試。結(jié)果顯示,(1)位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響會(huì)因?yàn)樘綔y(cè)方式的不同而出現(xiàn)差異。單個(gè)探測(cè),再認(rèn)位置對(duì)記憶正確率沒(méi)有影響,位置不變時(shí)的反應(yīng)時(shí)慢于位置變化時(shí)。全部探測(cè),與位置變化相比,位置不變時(shí),再認(rèn)正確率更高,反應(yīng)時(shí)更快。(2)左右視野中,位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響無(wú)差異。(3)全部探測(cè)時(shí),位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響不因位置變化是否可以預(yù)期而有所不同。(4)位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響在記憶負(fù)荷等于或者大于視覺(jué)工作記憶容量4時(shí)比較穩(wěn)定。在記憶負(fù)荷遠(yuǎn)低于視覺(jué)工作記憶容量(2項(xiàng)目)時(shí),位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響不穩(wěn)定,會(huì)因?yàn)榫唧w實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)條件的不同而產(chǎn)生差異。(5)位置信息對(duì)視覺(jué)工作記憶的影響和單純的空間記憶廣度不存在相關(guān)。
[Abstract]:In real life, in order to guide the behavior of the object, individuals must integrate the feature information with the location information, that is, the object-location binding. The theoretical study also emphasizes the role of location information in visual working memory. Location information is used as the basis for separating objects in the stage of perception and memory and as a clue for identifying objects in the recognition stage. In previous studies, the influence of location information on visual working memory is mostly investigated by single detection, and the recognition of a single object is affected by location information, while the whole detection is adopted in this paper. Whether the working memory of multiple objects presented at the same time is affected by the location information will be different according to the predictability of the visual field and the location change. In experiment 1, three factors (memory subset: 2 / 4) 脳 2 (detection mode: single detection, total detection) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) were used. In experiment 2, the factor of visual field was added on the basis of experiment 1. The subjects were asked to remember only the objects of one side of the visual field. The subjects were asked to remember only the objects of one side of the visual field. The subjects were asked to use 3 (memory subset: 2: 4 items) 脳 2 (detection mode: single detection). Total detection) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) 脳 2 (field of vision: left, right) four factors in the design. In experiment 1 and experiment 2, the color block always appears in a fixed position, and the change of position can be expected. Experiment 3 adjusts on the basis of experiment 1. When the position changes, the position of the color block is random. In experiment 3, only total detection was used, and two factors (memory subset: 2 / 4, item 6) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) were used. From experiment 1 to experiment 3, it was recognized that the position condition was balanced among the subtasks, and the subjects knew clearly whether the corresponding position was needed in the next task. In experiment 4, the recognition position was balanced within the block, and the subjects were not aware of the change in the position of the sequence in the next test. The uniform instruction was used to determine whether all the colors of the memory sequence and the detection sequence were the same or not. As in experiment 3, two factors (memory subset size: 2 items, 4 items and 6 items) 脳 2 (recognition position: position invariant, position change) were used. In addition, in each experiment, the subjects completed a spatial working memory span test after completing the visual working memory task. The results show that the influence of location information on visual working memory is different due to different detection methods. Single detection, recognition position has no effect on the memory accuracy, and the reaction time is slower when the position is fixed than when the position changes. All detection, compared with the change of position, when the position is invariant, the recognition accuracy is higher and the reaction time is faster. 2) in the visual field, there is no difference in the effect of position information on visual working memory. The influence of location information on visual working memory is not different depending on whether the change of location can be expected.) the effect of location information on visual working memory is stable when the memory load is equal to or greater than the capacity of visual working memory. When the memory load is much lower than the visual working memory capacity, the influence of the location information on the visual working memory is unstable because of the specific experimental tasks. The effect of location information on visual working memory is not related to spatial memory span.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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