本文選題：限制性飲食 + 成功/失敗限制性飲食者��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：飲食是人類生存最重要的部分。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,食物可隨時(shí)獲得,如何在充滿誘惑的環(huán)境中成功的控制體重,是一個(gè)具有理論和實(shí)踐意義的課題。限制性飲食(restrain eating,RE)是以控制體重為目的、長(zhǎng)期并且嚴(yán)格地控制進(jìn)食或是限制高熱量的攝入的傾向。我國(guó)的肥胖人數(shù)雖不及西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,但增長(zhǎng)迅猛,飲食相關(guān)的問(wèn)題已經(jīng)威脅到國(guó)民的身心健康并誘發(fā)一系列社會(huì)問(wèn)題。因此對(duì)RE的系統(tǒng)研究不僅有助于豐富和拓展飲食問(wèn)題的相關(guān)理論,也有助于開(kāi)展對(duì)飲食失調(diào)問(wèn)題的預(yù)防和干預(yù)。最重要的是,以往對(duì)RE的研究沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)探討成功限制性飲食者(succesful restrain eaters,S-REs)與失敗的限制性飲食者(failed restrain eaters,F-REs)之間的差異�；凇盀槭裁匆恍㏑Es能夠節(jié)食成功而一些REs則不能”這一節(jié)食領(lǐng)域的基本問(wèn)題,本研究采用ERP技術(shù)和f MRI技術(shù)系統(tǒng)地考察S-REs與F-REs對(duì)食物線索加工的抑制控制功能差異的腦機(jī)制,并首次從結(jié)構(gòu)像的角度探討REs大腦灰質(zhì)體積的個(gè)體差異。研究一探討S-REs與F-REs對(duì)食物線索抑制控制力的差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)1為ERP研究,采用Go/Nogo任務(wù),要求三組被試S-REs(n=15)、F-REs(n=15)、正常組(n=15)對(duì)低熱量食物做出按鍵反應(yīng)(Go條件),高熱量食物做出抑制反應(yīng)(Nogo條件)。行為結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),三組被試(成功/失敗/正常)對(duì)低熱量食物圖片的反應(yīng)時(shí)、準(zhǔn)確性均無(wú)組間差異。ERP結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),成功組比正常組、失敗組誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的P2。在200-250ms,失敗組比成功組誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的N2。不論是高熱量食物,還是低熱量食物,在300-500ms,成功組比失敗組誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的P300。實(shí)驗(yàn)2為核磁研究,研究設(shè)計(jì)同實(shí)驗(yàn)1。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),三組被試(成功/失敗/正常)低熱量食物圖片的正確率無(wú)組間差異,但對(duì)低熱量反應(yīng)時(shí)有差異,成功組與正常組的反應(yīng)時(shí)快于失敗組。f MRI結(jié)果表明,對(duì)高熱量(Nogo)反應(yīng)抑制進(jìn)行組間比較結(jié)果顯示,相對(duì)于失敗組、正常組,成功組在額中回、扣帶回、小腦區(qū)域有更大的激活。相反,失敗組相對(duì)于成功組,在下眶額葉、海馬區(qū)域有更大的激活;正常組相對(duì)于失敗組在額上回、小腦區(qū)域有更大的激活。正常組相對(duì)于成功組在眶額葉、尾狀核區(qū)域有更大的激活。在對(duì)高熱量食物線索進(jìn)行抑制控制的時(shí)候,成功組表現(xiàn)與抑制控制有關(guān)的額中回有更強(qiáng)的激活,而失敗組在與獎(jiǎng)賞加工有關(guān)的腦區(qū)如眶額葉皮層有更大的激活。綜上說(shuō)明,面對(duì)食物線索,S-REs能夠啟動(dòng)節(jié)食目標(biāo),抑制控制力增強(qiáng);相反,F-REs抑制控制力較弱,更多注意食物的獎(jiǎng)賞、享樂(lè)價(jià)值,更容易啟動(dòng)其的享樂(lè)目標(biāo),增加了過(guò)度進(jìn)食與肥胖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究二利用ERP技術(shù)的高時(shí)間分辨率優(yōu)勢(shì),進(jìn)一步探討?zhàn)囸I與飽腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下,S-REs與F-REs抑制控制力的特點(diǎn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)3采用經(jīng)典Go-Nogo范式,對(duì)低熱量食物進(jìn)行Go反應(yīng),對(duì)高熱量食物進(jìn)行抑制反應(yīng)(Nogo),探討了饑餓狀態(tài)下(至少18小時(shí)不進(jìn)食),S-REs(n=12)與F-REs(n=13)之間的差異。行為數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),成功組與失敗組之間的反應(yīng)時(shí)、正確率差異不顯著。ERP結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在饑餓條件下,失敗組的早期認(rèn)知加工過(guò)程,高熱量食物圖片比低熱量食物誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的N1,N2;而成功組對(duì)低熱量食物誘發(fā)更大的負(fù)波。即,失敗組需要對(duì)高熱量食物的沖突檢測(cè)要更加努力,而成功組對(duì)低熱量食物比較關(guān)注,對(duì)低熱量有比較大的沖突�？梢�(jiàn),饑餓狀態(tài)影響個(gè)體對(duì)食物相關(guān)信息的早期加工。實(shí)驗(yàn)4探討飽腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下S-REs與F-REs之間抑制控制力的差異。被試區(qū)分成功組(n=12)與失敗組(n=13)。研究設(shè)計(jì)同實(shí)驗(yàn)3。行為數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),成功組、失敗組之間的反應(yīng)時(shí)、正確率差異不顯著。ERP結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)于低熱量食物圖片,成功組比失敗組誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的N170,成功組對(duì)高熱量食物有更大的P2;失敗組比成功組有更小的P2;失敗組對(duì)高熱量食物比低熱量食物誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的晚期負(fù)成分。說(shuō)明在飽腹?fàn)顟B(tài)下,F-RE更關(guān)注低熱量食物,而S-REs能夠?qū)Ω邿崃渴澄锉容^關(guān)注,在進(jìn)食的時(shí)候啟動(dòng)節(jié)食目標(biāo)所致。綜上說(shuō)明,饑餓與飽腹對(duì)REs進(jìn)食有影響,在饑餓條件下,失敗組對(duì)高熱量食物存在較大的沖突控制,而成功組對(duì)低熱量食物則比較敏感。對(duì)于進(jìn)食食物的選擇,失敗組更多選取高熱量食物,不管自己生理狀態(tài),但是成功組更多選取低熱量食物,因此在隨后ERP實(shí)驗(yàn)中,失敗組因?yàn)槌霈F(xiàn)飽腹?fàn)顟B(tài),對(duì)高熱量食物不敏感,在進(jìn)食滿足之后才會(huì)啟動(dòng)節(jié)食目標(biāo);但是成功組在進(jìn)食之后,表現(xiàn)出對(duì)高熱量食物比較敏感,我們推測(cè)成功組在進(jìn)食時(shí)成功采用節(jié)食目標(biāo),失敗者進(jìn)食之后表現(xiàn)對(duì)低熱量食物關(guān)注,對(duì)高熱量食物不關(guān)注,可能是過(guò)度進(jìn)食后,啟動(dòng)節(jié)食目標(biāo),進(jìn)入到節(jié)食-失敗-節(jié)食的不良循環(huán)。研究三探討REs大腦結(jié)構(gòu)與局部功能網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征的個(gè)體差異。采用3個(gè)研究探索性地探討REs大腦灰質(zhì)體積與大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)個(gè)體的差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)5選取正常大學(xué)生為被試(N=258,女性150名,男性108名)。被試完成限制性飲食量表和人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)資料后,進(jìn)行核磁共振掃描。采用基于體素的形態(tài)測(cè)量學(xué)(voxel-based morphometry,VBM)的方法分析RE和局部灰質(zhì)體積之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),高限制性飲食水平對(duì)應(yīng)著更大的左側(cè)腦島(left insula)及眶額葉(orbitofrontal cortex,OFC)灰質(zhì)體積。這兩個(gè)區(qū)域與過(guò)食(overeating)及暴食(binge-eating)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。相反地,RE水平和左右兩側(cè)后扣帶回灰質(zhì)體積大小呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),而這一區(qū)域是與抑制控制及體重增加的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)。實(shí)驗(yàn)6采用150名健康女性,測(cè)試荷蘭飲食行為問(wèn)卷(The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire,DEBQ),采用VBM的方法分析RE和局部灰質(zhì)體積之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),DEBQ的限制性進(jìn)食分量表與顳中回灰質(zhì)體積有更大的正相關(guān),DEBQ的情緒性進(jìn)食分量表與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)的腦區(qū)(尾狀核)有更大的灰質(zhì)體積,而DEBQ的外部進(jìn)食與楔前葉灰質(zhì)體積呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)。實(shí)驗(yàn)7采用靜息態(tài)功能磁共振成像技術(shù)中的腦局部一致性(Re Ho,Regional Homogeneit、低頻振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuations,ALFF)、功能連接密度(functionconnection density,FCD)以150名健康大學(xué)生女性為被試,研究了RE與大腦自發(fā)的神經(jīng)活動(dòng)之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),右側(cè)腦島、中央前回、扣帶回區(qū)域的Re Ho、FCD、ALFF值與RE有緊密關(guān)系。具體地說(shuō),右側(cè)腦島、扣帶回的Re Ho、FCD、ALFF值隨著限制性的增加而升高,并且這些區(qū)域的ALFF值都與情緒有顯著相關(guān)。這些大腦區(qū)域的ALFF值與RE的關(guān)系可能表明了不同水平的REs在獎(jiǎng)賞加工、情緒調(diào)節(jié)等能力上存在顯著差異。綜上研究,從結(jié)構(gòu)像與局部大腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)一步闡明了REs的腦機(jī)制。結(jié)果一致的顯示限制性飲食水平越高的個(gè)體,與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)的腦區(qū)有更大的灰質(zhì)體積,與抑制控制有關(guān)的腦區(qū)灰質(zhì)體積更小,這與對(duì)肥胖以及飲食失調(diào)者的研究的結(jié)果相一致。本研究結(jié)果從側(cè)面驗(yàn)證了失敗限制性飲食者可能具有低抑制控制力的特征,成為肥胖者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。綜上所述,一方面,S-REs與F-REs抑制控制力是有差異的,面對(duì)食物誘惑,F-REs有出較差的抑制控制力,特別是在饑餓狀態(tài),而且容易出現(xiàn)過(guò)度進(jìn)食行為,而S-REs表現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的抑制控制力;另一方面不同水平的RE在大腦結(jié)構(gòu)上表現(xiàn)不同的趨勢(shì),有可能成為失敗的個(gè)體在與獎(jiǎng)賞有關(guān)的腦區(qū)有更大的灰質(zhì)體積。本研究的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新:首次采用ERP與f MRI技術(shù),系統(tǒng)探討成功與失敗組的抑制控制力的特點(diǎn);進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證成功與失敗組在不同狀態(tài)下抑制控制力差異;首次采用結(jié)構(gòu)像與大腦局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征為REs提供科學(xué)證據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Diet is the most important part of human survival. With the development of the economy, food can be obtained at any time. How to control weight successfully in a seductive environment is a theoretical and practical topic. Restrain eating (RE) is the purpose of controlling weight for long-term and strict control of eating or limiting high fever. Although the obesity population in China is not as good as that in western developed countries, it is growing rapidly. The food related problems have threatened the physical and mental health of the people and induce a series of social problems. Therefore, the systematic research on RE not only helps to enrich and expand the related theory of dietary problems, but also helps to develop the problem of eating disorders. Prevention and intervention. Most importantly, previous studies of RE did not systematically explore the differences between the successful restrictive dieters (succesful restrain eaters, S-REs) and the failed restrictive dieters (failed restrain eaters, F-REs). Based on "why some REs can be a successful diet and some REs are not" the base of this diet In this study, ERP and f MRI techniques were used to systematically investigate the brain mechanisms of the differences in the inhibitory control function of S-REs and F-REs on food cues processing, and for the first time the individual differences in the volume of gray matter in the REs brain were investigated from the angle of the structural image. A study was made to explore the difference between the control force of the inhibition of food cord inhibition by S-REs and F-REs. Experiment 1 was a study of ERP, Using the Go/Nogo task, three groups of subjects were asked to S-REs (n=15), F-REs (n=15), and normal group (n=15) to respond to low calorie food (Go condition), and high calorie food to make a inhibitory reaction (Nogo condition). The results showed that the accuracy of the three groups of subjects (successful / failed / normal) in the response to low calorie food images had no difference in.ERP results. It was found that in the successful group, the failure group induced a larger P2. in 200-250ms than the failure group. The failure group induced a larger N2., whether it was high calorie food or low calorie food. In the 300-500ms, the successful group induced a larger P300. Experiment 2 than the failure group. The study design and experiment 1. found that three groups of subjects were tested ( There was no difference in the correct rate of low calorie food pictures, but the response to low calorie was different. The response of the successful group to the normal group was faster than the failure group.F MRI results. The results showed that the high calorie (Nogo) reaction inhibition was compared with the failure group, the normal group, the cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum, the cingulate gyrus, the cingulate gyrus, the cerebellum. In contrast, the failure group has a greater activation in the inferior orbital frontal lobe and the hippocampus than the successful group; the normal group has greater activation in the cerebellum than the failure group. The normal group has a greater activation in the orbitofrontal and the caudate nucleus relative to the successful group. The control of high calorie food leads to the control. At the time, the successful group showed a stronger activation in the amount associated with the inhibition control, while the failure group was more activated in the brain areas related to the reward processing, such as the orbital frontal cortex. In the face of food clues, S-REs could start the diet target and inhibit the control enhancement; on the contrary, the F-REs inhibited the control power and paid more attention to the food. Reward, hedonistic value, more easy to start its hedonistic goal, increase the risk of overeating and obesity. Study two use the high time resolution advantage of ERP technology to further explore the characteristics of S-REs and F-REs control under hunger and satiety. Experiment 3 use the classic Go-Nogo paradigm to react to low calorie food, and high fever. Inhibition response (Nogo) was used to investigate the difference between S-REs (n=12) and F-REs (n=13) in starvation (at least 18 hours). The behavior data found that the difference between the successful group and the failure group was not significant.ERP results, the early cognitive process of the failure group, the high calorie food map under the starvation condition. A larger N1, N2, than low calorie foods, and a larger negative wave in a low calorie diet. That is, the failure group needs to work harder on the conflict detection of high calorie foods, while the successful group is more concerned with low calorie foods and a relatively large conflict of low calorie. Early processing. Experiment 4 investigated the difference of control force between S-REs and F-REs in full belly. The subjects were divided into successful group (n=12) and failure group (n=13). Study design and experiment 3. behavior data discovery, successful group, failure group, the difference of correct rate was not significant.ERP results, for low calorie food pictures, the successful group was lost. The defeat group induced a larger N170, the successful group had a greater P2 for the high calorie food; the failure group had a smaller P2 than the successful group; the failure group induced a larger late negative component to the high calorie food than the low calorie food. It indicated that under the condition of satiety, the F-RE paid more attention to the low calorie food, and the S-REs was more concerned with the high calorie food and was in the advance. It was shown that hunger and satiety had an impact on REs eating, and that in starvation, the failure group had greater conflict control over high calorie food, while the successful group was more sensitive to low calorie food. But in the successful group, more low calorie foods were selected, so in the subsequent ERP experiment, the failure group was not sensitive to the high calorie food and started the diet after feeding. But the successful group was more sensitive to the high calorie food after eating, and we speculated that the successful group was successful in the diet. After eating, the losers showed concern for low calorie food after eating, and did not pay attention to high calorie foods. After overeating, it was possible to start the diet and enter the bad cycle of diet failure and diet. Study three explored the individual differences in the characteristics of the REs brain structure and local function network. 3 studies explored the brain ashes and explored the brain ash. The difference between mass volume and brain network individual. Experiment 5 selected normal college students as subjects (N=258, female 150, male 108). After completing the restrictive diet scale and demographic data, the subjects were scanned by MRI. The method of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to analyze RE and local gray matter. The results showed that the high restrictive diet level corresponds to the larger left brain Island (left insula) and the gray matter volume of the orbital frontal lobe (orbitofrontal cortex, OFC). These two regions are related to the risk of overeating (overeating) and overeating (binge-eating). On the contrary, the size of the RE level and the back cingulate cortex of the left and right sides of the cingulate gyrus is significantly negative. The region was related to the potential risk of control and weight gain. In Experiment 6, 150 healthy women were used to test the Holland dietary behavior questionnaire (The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, DEBQ). The relationship between RE and the volume of local gray matter was analyzed by VBM. The results showed that the restrictive eating subscales and the temporomandities of DEBQ. There is a greater positive correlation between the volume of middle gyrus and the mass of the DEBQ's emotional eating subscale and the reward related brain region (caudate nucleus), while the external feeding of DEBQ has a negative correlation with the volume of the gray matter in the pre wedge leaf. In Experiment 7, the brain local conformance in the resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Re Ho, Regional Homogeneit, low frequency) The amplitude (amplitude of low frequency fluctuations, ALFF), functional connection density (functionconnection density, FCD) was tested in 150 healthy female college students. The relationship between RE and the spontaneous neural activity of the brain was studied. In body, the Re Ho, FCD, and ALFF values of the right insula and cingulate gyrus increased with the restriction, and the ALFF values in these regions were all significantly related to the mood. The relationship between the ALFF value of the brain regions and RE may indicate that there are significant differences in the ability of REs in reward processing, emotional adjustment and so on. Two points of view, such as the local brain network, further elucidate the brain mechanism of REs. The results show that individuals with higher restrictive dietary levels have greater gray matter volume in the reward related brain regions and smaller volume of gray matter in the brain regions associated with inhibition control, which is consistent with the results of obesity and dietetic studies. The results showed that the failure restrictive diet was characterized by low inhibitory control and higher risk of becoming obese. On the one hand, on the one hand, the control power of S-REs and F-REs is different. In the face of food temptation, F-REs has a poor control power, especially in starvation, and it is easy to overeat. S-REs, on the other hand, showed a strong inhibitory control; on the other hand, different levels of RE showed different trends in the brain structure, and it was possible to become a failed individual in the brain areas associated with the reward. The main innovation of this study was the first use of ERP and f MRI Technology to systematically explore the suppression control of successful and failed groups. The characteristics of the force; further verify that the successful and failed groups inhibit the difference of control force in different states; for the first time, the structural image and the local network of the brain provide scientific evidence for REs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B845.1

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