本文選題：具身認(rèn)知 + 系統(tǒng)　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：具身認(rèn)知是最近幾十年來在認(rèn)知科學(xué)研究中興起的概念,認(rèn)知科學(xué)是在哲學(xué)、語言學(xué)、心理學(xué)、計算機(jī)科學(xué)、人工智能、認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的交叉滲透的基礎(chǔ)上興起的一個綜合性學(xué)科群。具身認(rèn)知是在第一代認(rèn)知科學(xué)研究存在困境及局限的基礎(chǔ)上提出的。第一代認(rèn)知科學(xué)將人類的認(rèn)知類比為計算機(jī)的信息加工過程，將其看作是對抽象表征符號的計算，與我們的身體無關(guān)。第一代認(rèn)知科學(xué)的局限使其遭遇的困境促使一些學(xué)者開始質(zhì)疑將人類的認(rèn)知類比為計算機(jī)的信息加工過程——或者說認(rèn)知與身體無關(guān)這一觀點(diǎn)的有效性。具身認(rèn)知的觀點(diǎn)就是在這個背景下提出的對第一代認(rèn)知科學(xué)的質(zhì)疑。具身認(rèn)知是一新生的觀點(diǎn)，到目前為止并沒有形成一個系統(tǒng)的理論。不同的學(xué)者對具身認(rèn)知的看法不同，具有代表性的觀點(diǎn)是萊考夫和瓦雷拉的觀點(diǎn)。雖然萊考夫和瓦雷拉的觀點(diǎn)有些區(qū)別，但從他們的觀點(diǎn)中可以看出他們都強(qiáng)調(diào)人的身體體驗對人類認(rèn)知的重要性。具身認(rèn)知其實質(zhì)上探討的是身心之間的關(guān)系問題。對于身體和心理之間的關(guān)系，第一代認(rèn)知科學(xué)所持有的是身心二元對立的觀點(diǎn)，即身體和心理之間是沒有直接相互作用的關(guān)系。而具身認(rèn)知的觀點(diǎn)是身心之間具有相互作用，人應(yīng)該是一個整體，身心應(yīng)是一個統(tǒng)一于具體的人的整體。系統(tǒng)科學(xué)所研究和強(qiáng)調(diào)的正是系統(tǒng)的整體性和涌現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象。人也是一個系統(tǒng)，可以從多個角度去理解人這一系統(tǒng)，若從身心這個二分法的角度去理解人這一系統(tǒng)，人的身心是統(tǒng)一的。對系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究的學(xué)者們已經(jīng)形成了大量的理論。系統(tǒng)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)的整體性以及由于系統(tǒng)的組成部分的相互作用而出現(xiàn)的涌現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象，并認(rèn)為系統(tǒng)是生成的，擁有它自己的歷史。人本身就是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，人這一復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)和其它的系統(tǒng)一樣也是歷史地生成的，人的身心也是生成和發(fā)展變化的。從人這個系統(tǒng)生成起，人的身心就是統(tǒng)一、無法分離并相互作用的。并且人這個系統(tǒng)和它所處的環(huán)境也生成了一個新的系統(tǒng)，人的具身認(rèn)知正是伴隨這個新的系統(tǒng)的生成過程而生成的。一方面，從系統(tǒng)論的角度去看待具身認(rèn)知，具身認(rèn)知應(yīng)是系統(tǒng)科學(xué)研究的內(nèi)容。研究具身認(rèn)知應(yīng)從人這一系統(tǒng)生成的歷史過程去研究，具身的認(rèn)知生成發(fā)展的過程本來就是人這一系統(tǒng)生成發(fā)展的過程，不能只從現(xiàn)存的系統(tǒng)去研究。另一方面，我們對于具身認(rèn)知的研究，可以借鑒和參考系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的研究成果和方法。但是對于系統(tǒng)科學(xué)的研究結(jié)果和方法的借鑒要慎重。這是由于每一門學(xué)科的發(fā)展，實質(zhì)上是人的具身認(rèn)知的生成的結(jié)果，，人的具身的認(rèn)知是一個發(fā)展變化的過程，那么每一個學(xué)科也是一個發(fā)展變化的過程。
[Abstract]:Physical cognition is a concept that has arisen in cognitive science research in recent decades. Cognitive science is in philosophy, linguistics, psychology, computer science, artificial intelligence. The cross-penetration of cognitive neuroscience is based on the rise of a comprehensive scientific group. Personal cognition is put forward on the basis of the predicament and limitation of the first generation cognitive science research. The first generation of cognitive science likened human cognition to the information processing process of computers and regarded it as the calculation of abstract representation symbols which had nothing to do with our bodies. Due to the limitations of the first generation of cognitive science, some scholars begin to question the validity of the analogy of human cognition to the process of computer information processing-or the idea that cognition has nothing to do with the body. It is against this background that the viewpoint of physical cognition is a challenge to the first generation of cognitive science. Physical cognition is a new idea, so far no systematic theory has been formed. Different scholars have different views on personal cognition. The representative views are Lakoff's and Varela's. Although there are some differences between Lakoff and Varela, they all emphasize the importance of human body experience to human cognition. The essence of the cognition is the relationship between body and mind. As for the relationship between body and mind, the first generation of cognitive science holds the view that there is no direct interaction between body and mind. The viewpoint of physical cognition is that there is interaction between body and mind, and man should be a whole, and body and mind should be a unity of concrete person. It is the integrity and emergence of systems that are studied and emphasized in systems science. Man is also a system, which can be understood from many angles. If we understand this system from the perspective of the dichotomy of body and mind, the human body and mind are unified. Scholars who study the system have formed a large number of theories. System theory emphasizes the integrity of the system and the emergence of the interaction of the components of the system, and considers that the system is generated and has its own history. Man itself is a complex system, the complex system of man and other systems are also historical generation, human body and mind is also generated and developed. From the generation of the system, human body and mind are unified, unable to separate and interact. And the system of human and its environment have also created a new system, the human body cognition is generated along with the process of the generation of the new system. On the one hand, from the perspective of system theory, physical cognition should be the content of system science research. The study of human cognition should be studied from the historical process of the generation of the system. The process of the formation and development of the body cognition is originally the process of the generation and development of the system of human being, and it cannot be studied only from the existing system. On the other hand, we can refer to the research results and methods of system science. However, the research results and methods of systems science should be carefully used for reference. This is because the development of each subject is essentially the result of the formation of human body cognition, the human body cognition is a process of development and change, then each subject is also a process of development and change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842.1

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 葉浩生;;西方心理學(xué)中的具身認(rèn)知研究思潮[J];華中師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(人文社會科學(xué)版);2011年04期

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