本文選題：成語 + 心理表象　； 參考：《天津師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：成語屬于非直義語言的一種,以“四字格”為基本形式,是“人們長期以來習用,形式簡潔而意思精辟的、定型的詞組或短句”,具有結(jié)構(gòu)固定性、語言文言性、意義完整性和語言書面性的特點。影響成語認知的因素有詞頻、熟悉度、透明度等因素,其中表象性作為影響成語認知的一個因素,一直以來很少得到研究。表象指的是“人們對感知過的事物形象的反映,是事物不在眼前時關(guān)于事物的心理復現(xiàn)”,具有直觀形象性和概括性兩個基本特征,包括視覺表象、聽覺表象等。本研究認為在對高表象性的成語進行加工時,同時激活了言語編碼系統(tǒng)和表象編碼系統(tǒng),而對低表象性的成語進行加工時,只激活了言語編碼系統(tǒng),因而高表象性成語的加工速度比低表象性成語的加工速度更快,更容易被識別。 本研究通過三個實驗來考察影響成語加工的認知機制。實驗一采用內(nèi)隱任務(wù),即將成語和非成語混合呈現(xiàn),讓被試對呈現(xiàn)的四字組合進行是否是成語的判斷。實驗二采用外顯任務(wù),讓被試對呈現(xiàn)的成語進行表象性判斷。實驗三結(jié)合ERP技術(shù),探究成語認知加工的神經(jīng)機制。在三種實驗條件下,高表象性成語的反應(yīng)時均比低表象性成語的反應(yīng)時短。同時,實驗三還發(fā)現(xiàn),成語和非成語均引發(fā)了N200(170-230ms),且兩者的波幅沒有顯著差異。與成語相比,非成語引發(fā)了更負的N400(350-450ms)和更正的LPC((晚正復合體)420-600ms),兩者差異顯著。與高表象性的成語相比,低表象性的成語引發(fā)了增強的N400(350-450ms)和LPC(420-600ms),這些結(jié)果可以用雙重編碼理論來解釋,在進行詞匯判斷任務(wù)時,高表象性的成語存在表象編碼和言語編碼兩種編碼方式,使得被試能夠很快地從低表象性的成語和非成語中區(qū)分出來高表象性的成語,而低表象性的成語只有言語編碼一種編碼方式,使得其比高表象性的成語加工需要更多地認知資源,需要被試投入更多努力,因此導致其識別時間加長,引發(fā)增強的N400和LPC。通過實驗發(fā)現(xiàn),表象性也是影響成語加工的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Idioms belong to a kind of non-direct meaning language, which takes "four-character case" as the basic form. It is "used by people for a long time, with concise and concise form, stereotyped phrases or short sentences", with fixed structure and classical Chinese. The characteristics of completeness of meaning and written language. The factors influencing idiom cognition include word frequency, familiarity, transparency and so on, among which representativeness, as a factor affecting idiom cognition, has been seldom studied. The representation refers to "the reflection of the image of things perceived by people and the psychological reappearance of things when things are not in sight", which has two basic characteristics of visual visualization and generality, including visual representation, auditory representation and so on. In this study, we found that the speech coding system and the representation coding system were activated when processing the high representation idioms, but only the speech coding system was activated when the low representation idioms were processed. Therefore, the processing speed of high representation idiom is faster than that of low representation idiom. The present study examines the cognitive mechanisms that affect idiom processing through three experiments. In experiment one, implicit task is used, that is, the idiom and non-idiom are mixed, and the subjects are asked to judge whether the four-character combination is an idiom or not. In experiment 2, explicit task was used to make the participants to judge the expression of idioms. Experiment three, combined with ERP technology, explored the neural mechanism of idiom cognitive processing. Under the three experimental conditions, the reaction time of high representation idiom is shorter than that of low representation idiom. At the same time, the experiment 3 also found that both idioms and non-idioms caused N2000-230 Ms, and there was no significant difference in the amplitude between them. Compared with the idiom, the non-idiom elicited a more negative N400 350-450 Ms and a corrected LPCN (late positive complex 420-600 Ms), the difference was significant. Compared with high-representation idioms, low-representational idioms lead to enhanced N400 350-450 Ms) and LPC-420-600 ms.These results can be explained by the theory of double coding when performing lexical judgment tasks. There are two coding methods in high representation idioms: representation coding and speech coding, which enables the subjects to quickly distinguish the high representation idioms from the low representation idioms and non-idioms. But the low representation idiom only encodes a kind of coding method, which makes it need more cognitive resources than the high representation idiom processing, and needs more effort, which leads to the longer recognition time and the enhancement of N400 and LPC. Through experiments, it is found that representativeness is also an important factor affecting idiom processing.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.1

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