本文選題：負(fù)相容效應(yīng) + 融合�。� 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：掩蔽啟動(dòng)范式中,掩蔽刺激和目標(biāo)刺激之間的SOA超過l00ms時(shí),被試對(duì)與啟動(dòng)刺激相同的目標(biāo)刺激箭頭指向的反應(yīng)要比與啟動(dòng)刺激相反的目標(biāo)箭頭指向慢,錯(cuò)誤率更高,研究者把這種現(xiàn)象稱為負(fù)相容效應(yīng)(Negative compatibility effect)。負(fù)相容效應(yīng)被認(rèn)為反映了動(dòng)作系統(tǒng)對(duì)閾下呈現(xiàn)的啟動(dòng)刺激所引起動(dòng)作激活的一種抑制效應(yīng)。但是大量研究結(jié)果證明了在啟動(dòng)刺激高可視度條件下仍然會(huì)發(fā)生負(fù)相容效應(yīng)；還有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)用客體作為啟動(dòng)刺激在啟動(dòng)刺激完全可視并且沒有掩蔽刺激的情況下也能發(fā)生負(fù)相容效應(yīng)。掩蔽啟動(dòng)范式和以客體為啟動(dòng)刺激發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)相容的范式有以下相同點(diǎn)：首先,掩蔽啟動(dòng)范式中的啟動(dòng)刺激和客體都能夠在客體的特征被加工之前自動(dòng)化引起動(dòng)作激活；其次,兩種范式的條件下,負(fù)相容效應(yīng)都發(fā)生于目標(biāo)刺激與其前面的刺激之間的SOA為l00ms的條件下；另外,有研究認(rèn)為啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激可以形成一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的客體,因此掩蔽啟動(dòng)范式中存在著啟動(dòng)刺激引起的動(dòng)作激活和掩蔽刺激特征進(jìn)行整合加工的可能性。因此,本研究將從兩個(gè)角度來驗(yàn)證在掩蔽啟動(dòng)范式中出現(xiàn)負(fù)相容效應(yīng)是由于啟動(dòng)刺激引起的動(dòng)作激活和掩蔽刺激特征進(jìn)行整合加工的結(jié)果,這和客體作為啟動(dòng)刺激產(chǎn)生負(fù)相容效應(yīng)的機(jī)制是一致的。 本研究采用Jaskowski的實(shí)驗(yàn)范式,實(shí)驗(yàn)一通過形成矩形框加強(qiáng)啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激的特征融合加工發(fā)現(xiàn),即使在無關(guān)掩蔽的條件下,負(fù)相容效應(yīng)也能夠發(fā)生,并且和有關(guān)掩蔽刺激無顯著差異；實(shí)驗(yàn)二,通過控制啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激是否能夠在同一客體發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激在同一客體時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)了負(fù)相容效應(yīng),而當(dāng)其不在同一客體時(shí)沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)負(fù)相容效應(yīng),這也就說明了啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激的融合加工是引起負(fù)相容效應(yīng)的原因；實(shí)驗(yàn)三用于排除當(dāng)啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激在不同的客體時(shí),是由于對(duì)掩蔽刺激的加工程度不夠而引起負(fù)相容效應(yīng)的假設(shè)。 綜合以上三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)我們得到以下結(jié)論：在掩蔽啟動(dòng)范式中,啟動(dòng)刺激引起的動(dòng)作激活和掩蔽刺激特征進(jìn)行融合加工過程也許是引起負(fù)相容效應(yīng)的主要原因；啟動(dòng)刺激可視度對(duì)負(fù)相容效應(yīng)的影響也許就在在于高低可視度情況下啟動(dòng)刺激和掩蔽刺激是否能形成一個(gè)客體；掩蔽刺激在負(fù)相容效應(yīng)中的作用是給啟動(dòng)刺激引起的激活提供一個(gè)可以融合的客體。
[Abstract]:In the masking priming paradigm, when the SOA between masked stimulus and target stimulus was higher than that of l00ms, the response of the subjects to the same target stimulus arrow as the priming stimulus was slower than that of the target arrow pointing opposite to the priming stimulus, and the error rate was higher. The researchers call this a negative compatibility effect. The negative compatibility effect is considered to reflect an inhibitory effect of the action system on the action activation caused by the subthreshold priming stimulus. However, a large number of studies have proved that there is still a negative compatibility effect under the condition of high visibility of priming stimulus. It is also found that using the object as the priming stimulus can produce negative compatibility when the priming stimulus is completely visible and does not mask the stimulus. The similarities between the masked priming paradigm and the object-priming paradigm are as follows: firstly, both the priming stimulus and the object in the masking priming paradigm can automatically activate the action before the object's characteristics are processed. In both paradigms, the negative compatibility effect occurs when the SOA between the target stimulus and the previous stimulus is l00ms. In addition, some studies suggest that priming and masking stimuli can form a dynamic object. Therefore, there is the possibility of action activation caused by priming stimulus and the feature of masking stimulus in masking priming paradigm. Therefore, this study will verify from two angles that the negative compatibility effect in the masking priming paradigm is the result of the action activation caused by the priming stimulus and the integration of the characteristics of the masking stimulus. This is consistent with the mechanism by which the object acts as a mechanism for initiating the negative compatibility effect of the stimulus. In this study, Jaskowski's experimental paradigm was used. In experiment 1, it was found that the negative compatibility effect could occur even under the condition of independent masking by forming rectangular frames to enhance the feature fusion of priming and masking stimuli. And there was no significant difference from the related masking stimuli. In experiment two, by controlling whether the priming stimulus and the masking stimulus could be found in the same object, the negative compatibility effect was found when the priming stimulus and the masking stimulus were in the same object. But when it is not in the same object, there is no negative compatibility effect, which shows that the fusion process of priming stimulus and masking stimulus is the cause of the negative compatibility effect; experiment 3 is used to exclude when the priming stimulus and masking stimulus are in different objects. It is a hypothesis of negative compatibility effect due to inadequate processing of masking stimuli. Synthesizing the above three experiments, we draw the following conclusions: in the masking priming paradigm, the activation caused by priming stimulus and the fusion process of the feature of masking stimulus may be the main causes of the negative compatibility effect; The effect of priming stimulus visibility on negative compatibility effect may lie in whether the priming stimulus and masking stimulus can form an object under the condition of high or low visibility. The role of masking stimuli in negative compatibility effects is to provide an object that can be fused for activation caused by priming stimuli.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：1951469