本文選題：預(yù)試效應(yīng) + 提取��； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：在記憶的信息加工理論中,提取是記憶過(guò)程的重要階段之一。如何有效地提取信息并使記憶得到長(zhǎng)期、有效的保持亦是記憶心理學(xué)的研究熱點(diǎn)。測(cè)試效應(yīng)或提取練習(xí)的研究表明,提取對(duì)于記憶的有效保持起著關(guān)鍵作用。而新近研究則表明,不但學(xué)習(xí)后的提取練習(xí)或測(cè)試有助于長(zhǎng)期記憶的保持,學(xué)習(xí)之前的“預(yù)提取”也有助于記憶的保持,即預(yù)試效應(yīng)(pretesting effect)。研究已初步表明“預(yù)提取”對(duì)記憶的促進(jìn)作用,但對(duì)于材料性質(zhì)、反饋時(shí)機(jī)和測(cè)試間隔等變量對(duì)預(yù)試效應(yīng)影響的作用機(jī)制尚未明確。本研究以此問(wèn)題為切入點(diǎn),通過(guò)三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)探討影響預(yù)試效應(yīng)的變量及其作用機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)一操縱材料性質(zhì),考查了不同關(guān)聯(lián)性材料對(duì)預(yù)試效應(yīng)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)二在其基礎(chǔ)上引入反饋時(shí)機(jī)變量,考查對(duì)“預(yù)提取”進(jìn)行即時(shí)反饋和延時(shí)反饋的情況下預(yù)試效應(yīng)的變化。實(shí)驗(yàn)三在前兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上操縱測(cè)試間隔變量,通過(guò)對(duì)比即時(shí)測(cè)試和延時(shí)測(cè)試條件預(yù)試效應(yīng)的變化,進(jìn)一步探討預(yù)試效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)制。 本研究通過(guò)三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)得出如下結(jié)論： (1)預(yù)試效應(yīng)的搜索集理論(Search Set Theory)適用于解釋在短期記憶保持情況下,材料關(guān)聯(lián)度和不同反饋時(shí)機(jī)對(duì)預(yù)試效應(yīng)的影響。 (2)當(dāng)考慮不同的測(cè)試間隔變量時(shí),搜索集理論僅適用于解釋即時(shí)反饋下的預(yù)試效應(yīng),而延時(shí)反饋下的預(yù)試效應(yīng)則符合必要難度理論(Desirable Difficulties Theory)的預(yù)測(cè)。 (3)“預(yù)提取”所包含的提取過(guò)程使學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)判斷更準(zhǔn)確(相對(duì)于“重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)”),表明其對(duì)元認(rèn)知判斷的影響可能存在與測(cè)試效應(yīng)下的提取練習(xí)相似的作用機(jī)制。
[Abstract]:In the information processing theory of memory, extraction is one of the important stages of memory process. How to extract information effectively and keep memory for a long time is also a hot topic in memory psychology. Studies on test effects or extraction exercises have shown that extraction plays a key role in the effective retention of memory. Recent studies have shown that not only the extraction exercise or test after study is helpful to the retention of long-term memory, but also the "pre-extraction" prior to learning is helpful to the retention of memory, that is, the pre-test effect is pretesting effectt. The effect of "pre-extraction" on memory has been preliminarily shown, but the mechanism of the effects of variables such as material properties, feedback timing and test interval on the pre-test effect has not been clarified. In this paper, three experiments are carried out to explore the variables that affect the pretest effect and its mechanism. In the first experiment, the effects of different related materials on the pretest effect were investigated. The second experiment introduces the feedback timing variable to examine the change of pre-test effect in the case of "pre-extraction" and time-delay feedback. The third experiment manipulates the test interval variables on the basis of the first two experiments and further discusses the mechanism of the pre-test effect by comparing the changes of the pre-test effect between the real-time test and the time-delay test condition. Through three experiments, this study draws the following conclusions: 1) the search Set theory of pre-test effect is applicable to explain the effects of material correlation and different feedback timing on the pre-test effect under the condition of short-term memory retention. 2) when different test interval variables are considered, the search set theory can only be used to explain the pre-test effect under instant feedback, while the pre-test effect under time-delay feedback is in accordance with the prediction of the necessary difficulty theory. (3) the extraction process involved in "pre-extraction" makes learners' learning judgment more accurate (compared with "repeated learning", it indicates that its influence on metacognitive judgment may have a mechanism similar to that of extraction exercises under test effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 張錦坤;白學(xué)軍;楊麗嫻;;不同提取難度的反饋形式對(duì)測(cè)試效應(yīng)的影響[J];心理科學(xué);2010年06期

2 張錦坤;白學(xué)軍;楊麗嫻;;國(guó)外關(guān)于測(cè)試效應(yīng)的研究概述[J];心理科學(xué)進(jìn)展;2008年04期

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本文編號(hào)：1951438