本文選題：SNARC效應(yīng) + 自我中心參照系�。� 參考：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：Dehaene等人發(fā)現(xiàn)小數(shù)-左側(cè)反應(yīng)大數(shù)-右側(cè)反應(yīng)的空間聯(lián)系,他們把該效應(yīng)命名為SNARC效應(yīng)。他們試圖用“心理數(shù)字線”來解釋這一數(shù)字空間表征現(xiàn)象。后來,不僅在數(shù)字概念上對SNARC效應(yīng)進(jìn)行研究,在其他具有數(shù)量序列的非數(shù)字概念上也有類似的SNARC效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生。然而,隨著SANRC效應(yīng)研究的興起,也涌現(xiàn)出一些心理數(shù)字線無法解釋的現(xiàn)象。根據(jù)McNamara等人關(guān)于空間認(rèn)知的模型,SNARC效應(yīng)也包括有自我中心參照系和非自我中心參照系(即環(huán)境參照系)兩種參照系統(tǒng)。對應(yīng)在數(shù)字空間表征中,將非自我中心參照以數(shù)列內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)作為操作性定義,即在數(shù)列本身的排列結(jié)構(gòu)是豎直方向還是水平方向；而自我中心參照系以被試的反應(yīng)方向作為操作性定義,即被試的反應(yīng)鍵是豎直方向還是水平方向。自我中心參照系和非自我中心參照系在數(shù)字空間表征的編碼中起到什么樣的作用,本文中展開三個實驗來探討。實驗一是通過四個平行實驗來驗證SNARC效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生是否有賴于自我中心參照和非自我中心參照對齊一致。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在水平方向反應(yīng)條件下,不管自我中心參照系與非自我中心參照系一致與否,都產(chǎn)生了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SNARC效應(yīng)；而在豎直方向反應(yīng)上則沒有出現(xiàn)效應(yīng)。實驗二通過指導(dǎo)語操縱了主觀中點的三個位置,以探討水平反應(yīng)方向上在自我中心參照系與非自我中心參照系聯(lián)合對齊時,數(shù)字空間表征的編碼方式。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在數(shù)列1-9中,當(dāng)分別設(shè)定3、5、7為主觀中點時均有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的SNARC效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生。這說明,數(shù)字空間表征是以主觀中點進(jìn)行編碼的。實驗三探討了在水平方向反應(yīng)時,自我中心參照系與非自我中心參照系不對齊一致的時候SNARC效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)制。實驗中使用與兩種參照系方向一致的箭頭作為該兩種參照系的線索。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然兩種線索化條件下都出現(xiàn)了SNARC效應(yīng),但是線索化自我中心參照系所達(dá)到的效果比線索化非自我中心參照系時更加經(jīng)濟(jì)。也就是說,在沖突條件下,更加依賴于自我中心參照系對數(shù)字進(jìn)行空間表征。綜合實驗研究結(jié)果以及有關(guān)討論,本研究可以得出以下結(jié)論：一、在自我中心參照系與非自我中心參照系一致的情況下,數(shù)字的空間表征以序列的主觀中點進(jìn)行編碼；二、在自我中心參照系與非自我中心參照系不一致的情況下,數(shù)字的空間表征的策略是主要依賴自我中心參照系進(jìn)行編碼。總結(jié)兩點結(jié)論可以認(rèn)為,人們在進(jìn)行數(shù)字表征時大腦中不僅要形成與當(dāng)前序列對齊一致的數(shù)字線,還要考慮到當(dāng)下的反應(yīng)方向與序列朝向的關(guān)系。這不僅有助于對SANRC效應(yīng)內(nèi)涵的理解,更為日后在大尺度空間內(nèi)開展相應(yīng)的研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Dehaene et al found the spatial connection between the decimal number, the left reaction large number and the right reaction, and they named the effect SNARC effect. They try to explain this phenomenon of digital space representation by "psychological digital line". Later, the SNARC effect is studied not only in the concept of numbers, but also in other non-numerical concepts with quantitative sequences. However, with the rise of SANRC effect, there are some phenomena which can not be explained by psychological digital lines. According to McNamara et al.'s model of spatial cognition, the SNARC effect also includes two reference systems: the self-centered reference system and the non-self-centered reference system. In the representation of digital space, the non-self-centered reference is defined by the internal structure of the sequence as the operational definition, that is, whether the permutation of the sequence itself is vertical or horizontal; The egocentric reference frame defines the reaction direction of the subjects as the operational definition, that is, whether the reaction bond of the subjects is vertical or horizontal. In this paper, three experiments are carried out to explore the role of egocentric reference system and non-egocentric reference frame in the coding of digital space representation. In the first experiment, four parallel experiments were conducted to verify whether the generation of SNARC effect depends on the alignment of self-centered reference and non-self-centered reference. The results show that the standard SNARC effect is produced regardless of whether the egocentric reference system is consistent with the non-egocentric reference frame under the horizontal response condition, but there is no effect in the vertical response. In experiment 2, the three positions of the subjective midpoint were manipulated by the guidance language to explore the coding method of the digital spatial representation when the self-centered reference system and the non-self-centered reference frame were aligned in the horizontal response direction. The results show that in series 1-9, the standard SNARC effect occurs when the subjective midpoint is set at 3 / 5 / 7 respectively. This shows that the representation of digital space is encoded by subjective midpoint. In the third experiment, the mechanism of SNARC effect is discussed when the self-centered reference system and the non-egocentric reference system are not aligned in horizontal direction. Arrowheads aligned with the two reference frames were used as clues for the two reference frames. The results show that although the SNARC effect appears in both cues, the effect of the cue-oriented self-centered reference system is more economical than that of the cue-oriented non-egocentric reference frame. That is to say, in conflict conditions, numbers are more spatially represented by self-centered reference frames. Synthesizing the experimental results and related discussions, this study can draw the following conclusions: first, when the self-centered reference frame is consistent with the non-egocentric reference frame, the spatial representation of the number is encoded by the subjective midpoint of the sequence; When the self-centered frame of reference is inconsistent with the non-self-centered frame of reference, the strategy of digital spatial representation is mainly dependent on the self-centered frame of reference for coding. In conclusion, we can conclude that not only the digital line aligned with the current sequence should be formed in the brain, but also the relationship between the current direction of reaction and the orientation of the sequence should be taken into account. This will not only help to understand the connotation of SANRC effect, but also lay a foundation for further research in large scale space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842

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