本文選題：定向遺忘 + 單字法　； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：定向遺忘(directed forgetting)是指由主試的“忘記”指令引起的記憶內(nèi)容受損現(xiàn)象(Anderson,2003),它強(qiáng)調(diào)遺忘的有意性和指向性。遺忘無關(guān)的或是痛苦的記憶不僅有助于提高記憶系統(tǒng)的有效性,而且也有利于保持身心健康。按照記憶指令呈現(xiàn)方式的不同,定向遺忘的研究范式分為單字法和字表法。定向遺忘的理論解釋有系統(tǒng)差異和選擇性搜尋理論、雙過程理論、選擇性編碼理論和提取抑制理論。定向遺忘受許多因素的影響,比如實(shí)驗(yàn)材料、測(cè)驗(yàn)方式、指導(dǎo)語、回憶順序、加工水平等。從實(shí)驗(yàn)材料上看,以往的國(guó)內(nèi)研究多采用頻率不同的漢語詞匯,而考察材料的情緒性則是近幾年來研究的新熱點(diǎn),以情緒材料為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料的研究并不多,而且材料的情緒性對(duì)定向遺忘效應(yīng)是否產(chǎn)生影響還沒有一致的結(jié)論。從測(cè)驗(yàn)方式上看,單一的使用外顯記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)或內(nèi)隱記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)的研究較多,將外顯記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)和內(nèi)隱記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合的研究相對(duì)來說較少。從實(shí)驗(yàn)范式上看,同時(shí)采用兩種范式進(jìn)行的研究甚少,以及兩種范式研究定向遺忘的機(jī)制這一問題還遠(yuǎn)沒有定論。再加上情緒性記憶能否定向遺忘這一問題也沒有得出一致的結(jié)論。所以本研究采用單字法和字表法兩種不同實(shí)驗(yàn)范式,以具有不同情緒效價(jià)(正性、中性、負(fù)性)的詞語為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,用外顯記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)(自由回憶、詞語再認(rèn))和內(nèi)隱記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)(詞干補(bǔ)筆)相結(jié)合的方式,分別探討情緒材料對(duì)單字法和字表法定向遺忘的影響以及兩者的內(nèi)在機(jī)制。研究結(jié)論如下： (1)在單字范式下,正性詞、中性詞和負(fù)性詞在記住和遺忘兩種條件下的成績(jī)存在顯著差異,即中性和情緒材料均存在單字法定向遺忘效應(yīng)。在再認(rèn)測(cè)驗(yàn)中,指示類型和詞語類型的交互作用顯著,表明材料的情緒性會(huì)干擾定向遺忘效應(yīng)。 (2)在字表范式下,正性詞、中性詞和負(fù)性詞在記住和遺忘兩種指示符下的成績(jī)存在顯著差異,即中性和情緒材料均存在字表法定向遺忘效應(yīng)。 (3)在外顯記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)和內(nèi)隱記憶測(cè)驗(yàn)中均存在單字法和字表法定向遺忘效應(yīng)。 (4)選擇性復(fù)述和提取抑制是單字法定向遺忘效應(yīng)的內(nèi)部機(jī)制,而字表法定向遺忘效應(yīng)的內(nèi)部機(jī)制是提取抑制。
[Abstract]:Directed forgetting refers to the damage of memory content caused by the "forgetting" instruction of the main test. It emphasizes the intention and directionality of forgetting. Forgotten unrelated or painful memories not only improve the effectiveness of the memory system, but also help to maintain physical and mental health. According to the different presentation of memory instructions, the research paradigm of directed forgetting is divided into single word method and word table method. The theoretical explanations of directed forgetting include systematic difference and selective search theory, two-process theory, selective coding theory and extraction suppression theory. Directional forgetfulness is influenced by many factors, such as experimental materials, test methods, instruction, recall order, processing level, and so on. From the point of view of experimental materials, Chinese vocabulary with different frequencies has been used in previous domestic studies, but the study of emotional properties of materials has been a new research hotspot in recent years, and there are few researches on emotional materials as experimental materials. Moreover, there is no consistent conclusion whether the emotional effect of the material has an effect on the directed amnesia. In terms of test methods, there are more researches on using explicit memory test or implicit memory test alone, but less research on combining explicit memory test with implicit memory test. From the point of view of the experimental paradigm, there is little research on the two paradigms at the same time, and it is far from conclusive that the two paradigms study the mechanism of directed forgetfulness. Coupled with the question of whether emotional memory can be directed to forget, there is no consistent conclusion. Therefore, this study adopts two different experimental paradigms: single word method and word table method. Words with different emotional potency (positive, neutral, negative) are used as experimental materials, and explicit memory test (free recall) is used. Word recognition) and implicit memory test (stem complement), respectively, to explore the influence of emotional materials on the word method and word table to forget and the internal mechanism of the two. The conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) under the single word paradigm, there are significant differences between positive words, neutral words and negative words under the two conditions of memorizing and forgetting, that is, neutral and emotional materials have the effect of legal forgetfulness. In the recognition test, the interaction between the demonstrative type and the word type is significant, which indicates that the emotional nature of the material interferes with the directed forgetting effect. (2) under word table paradigm, positive words, neutral words and negative words have significant differences in the performance of memorizing and forgetting, that is, the neutral and emotional materials have the effect of tabular forgetfulness. 2) there are significant differences in the performance of positive words, neutral words and negative words under the two indicators of memorizing and forgetting. 3) in both explicit memory test and implicit memory test, there is the effect of word-to-amnesia by word method and word table method. (4) selective retelling and extraction inhibition is the internal mechanism of word rule to forgetting effect, and the internal mechanism of word table law to forgetting effect is extraction inhibition.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.6

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