本文選題：異族效應(yīng) + 特征加工�。� 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：面孔識(shí)別中的異族效應(yīng)已經(jīng)越來(lái)越受到研究者的關(guān)注，，已有的研究雖然在異族效應(yīng)存在的穩(wěn)定性方面取得較為一致的結(jié)論，但是對(duì)于其加工方式的研究仍然沒有形成較為一致的結(jié)論。本研究采用三個(gè)不同種族（非洲、歐洲、亞洲）的面孔作為刺激材料以取代以往研究中只用兩個(gè)種族作為刺激材料，從而探討被試對(duì)這三個(gè)種族面孔的加工方式及其神經(jīng)機(jī)制是否存在差異。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用完全合成面孔范式對(duì)不同種族面孔的再認(rèn)情況進(jìn)行了比較，并對(duì)各種族間的加工方式進(jìn)行了初步探討。之所以采用完全合成面孔范式是因?yàn)樵摲妒讲粌H能夠避免被試產(chǎn)生反應(yīng)偏向，而且被試在完全合成面孔范式上的表現(xiàn)同被試面孔再認(rèn)能力有著緊密的聯(lián)系。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：被試對(duì)于本族面孔表現(xiàn)出了穩(wěn)定的異族效應(yīng)，這表明被試對(duì)于本族面孔可能更多地采用構(gòu)型編碼的加工方式，而對(duì)于異族面孔則可能更多地采用特征編碼的加工方式。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用種族辨別任務(wù)，要求被試對(duì)正立和倒置條件下面孔的種族進(jìn)行判斷，并對(duì)其腦電情況進(jìn)行記錄，從而深入地探究被試對(duì)于三個(gè)不同種族面孔的加工方式及其神經(jīng)機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：被試對(duì)本族正立面孔的N170波幅最小，同時(shí)對(duì)三個(gè)種族的倒置面孔都表現(xiàn)出明顯的倒置效應(yīng)，并且表現(xiàn)出對(duì)本族面孔比異族面孔更大的倒置效應(yīng)；被試對(duì)三個(gè)種族面孔的N170成分均表現(xiàn)出顯著的右半球優(yōu)勢(shì)。這說明被試在對(duì)不同種族的面孔進(jìn)行加工時(shí)，雖然均存在一定程度的構(gòu)型加工，但是被試對(duì)本族面孔更多地采用構(gòu)型編碼的加工方式，而對(duì)異族面孔則更多地采用特征編碼的加工方式。 本研究結(jié)果符合知覺經(jīng)驗(yàn)理論對(duì)于異族效應(yīng)的解釋，也就是說，對(duì)于本族和異族面孔的不同經(jīng)驗(yàn)會(huì)影響個(gè)體對(duì)于面孔的編碼方式。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，亞洲被試在對(duì)異族面孔進(jìn)行編碼時(shí)，有不同于歐洲被試之處，即亞洲被試在加工異族面孔時(shí)，也會(huì)有一定程度的構(gòu)型加工參與其中，同時(shí)，我們也不能忽略視覺經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)于個(gè)體異族效應(yīng)的影響。本研究還將黑人面孔加入到實(shí)驗(yàn)材料中，從而在以往理論的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了擴(kuò)展�？偠灾�，個(gè)體間存在穩(wěn)定的異族效應(yīng)，而且個(gè)體對(duì)于本族面孔更多地采用構(gòu)型編碼的加工方式，而對(duì)于異族面孔則更多地采用特征編碼的加工方式。
[Abstract]:The heterogeneous effects in face recognition have been paid more and more attention by researchers. Although the existing studies have reached a consistent conclusion on the stability of the existence of alien effects, However, the study of its processing methods has not reached a more consistent conclusion. In this study, faces of three different races (Africa, Europe, Asia) were used as stimuli instead of only two races in previous studies. Therefore, to explore whether there are differences in the processing patterns and neural mechanisms of the three racial faces. In experiment 1, the recognition of different racial faces was compared by using the complete synthetic face paradigm, and the processing methods among different races were preliminarily discussed. The reason for adopting the completely synthetic face paradigm is that it can not only avoid the reaction bias of the subjects, but also have a close relationship with the recognition ability of the participants. The results showed that the subjects showed stable alien effect on their own faces, which indicated that the subjects may adopt the configuration coding processing method for their faces more frequently. For other faces, feature coding is more likely to be used. In the second experiment, the race discrimination task was used. The subjects were asked to judge the race of the faces under orthostatic and inverted conditions, and recorded their EEG. In order to explore the processing of three different ethnic faces and their neural mechanism. The results showed that: the N170 amplitude of the positive faces of the subjects was the smallest, and the inverted faces of the three ethnic groups showed obvious inversion effect, and the inverted effect on the faces of their own race was greater than that of the faces of the other race; The subjects showed significant right hemispheric dominance over the N170 component of the three ethnic faces. This shows that, although there is a certain degree of configuration processing in the processing of faces of different ethnic groups, the processing methods of configuration coding are used more frequently for the faces of different ethnic groups. On the other hand, the processing method of feature coding is used more frequently for foreign faces. The results of this study are consistent with the explanation of alien effects in perceptual empirical theory, that is to say, different experiences for native and alien faces may affect the coding patterns of faces. We also find that the Asian subjects are different from the European subjects in coding the alien faces, that is, when the Asian subjects are processing the alien faces, they will also have a certain degree of configuration processing involved, and at the same time, Nor can we ignore the influence of visual experience on individual alien effects. In this study, black faces were added to the experimental materials and expanded on the basis of previous theories. In a word, there is a stable alien effect among individuals, and the processing method of configuration coding is used more for the face of the individual, and the processing method of the feature coding is used more for the face of the different race.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：1865659