本文選題：幼兒 + 執(zhí)行功能　； 參考：《浙江理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)有研究表明3歲幼兒已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了說謊行為,但幼兒的說謊行為表現(xiàn)出很大的個體差異,有些幼兒說謊,而有些幼兒不說謊。因此,本研究想探討到底有哪些因素會影響幼兒的說謊行為。已有研究表明,執(zhí)行功能的發(fā)展會對幼兒的說謊行為產(chǎn)生很大的影響;同時也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),個體自身的氣質(zhì)特點也可能會影響幼兒的說謊行為。但目前相關(guān)研究所得結(jié)果并不一致,因此,我們在以往研究的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步考察了3-5歲幼兒執(zhí)行功能和氣質(zhì)對說謊行為的影響。本研究以杭州市兩所幼兒園292名3-5歲幼兒作為研究對象。研究一探討3-5歲幼兒執(zhí)行功能對說謊行為的影響,采用“猜謎游戲”考察幼兒的說謊行為,采用六個經(jīng)典的實驗室任務(wù)對幼兒執(zhí)行功能進(jìn)行測量,其中以白天/黑夜任務(wù)和獅子/老虎任務(wù)考察幼兒的抑制控制能力,以動物任務(wù)和愛心任務(wù)考察幼兒的工作記憶能力,以維度變化卡片分類任務(wù)(DCCS)和混合魚任務(wù)(Flanker fish)考察幼兒的認(rèn)知靈活性。研究二采用《兒童氣質(zhì)評定問卷教師版》考察幼兒的氣質(zhì)特點,探討氣質(zhì)對3-5歲幼兒說謊行為的影響以及執(zhí)行功能和氣質(zhì)對說謊行為的共同影響。主要的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)3-5歲幼兒說謊行為的年齡特征:幼兒說謊發(fā)生率隨年齡增長而提高;否認(rèn)違規(guī)的性別差異不顯著。幼兒說謊策略隨年齡增長而提高;女生的說謊策略要好于男生。(2)執(zhí)行功能對幼兒說謊行為的影響:執(zhí)行功能各成分及其總分與幼兒否認(rèn)違規(guī)相關(guān)不顯著,也不存在年齡差異。工作記憶與幼兒說謊策略相關(guān)顯著,且存在年齡差異,只有5歲幼兒的工作記憶正向預(yù)測說謊策略。抑制控制、認(rèn)知靈活性和執(zhí)行功能總分與幼兒說謊策略相關(guān)不顯著。(3)氣質(zhì)對幼兒說謊行為的影響:氣質(zhì)各維度中只有氣質(zhì)的趨避性與幼兒否認(rèn)違規(guī)相關(guān)顯著,且存在年齡差異,只有3歲幼兒氣質(zhì)的趨避性負(fù)向預(yù)測否認(rèn)違規(guī);而氣質(zhì)的其它維度則與幼兒否認(rèn)違規(guī)相關(guān)不顯著。氣質(zhì)各維度中氣質(zhì)的趨避性、反應(yīng)閾限和反應(yīng)強度與幼兒說謊策略相關(guān)顯著,且存在年齡差異,只有5歲幼兒氣質(zhì)的趨避性和反應(yīng)閾限正向預(yù)測說謊策略,反應(yīng)強度負(fù)向預(yù)測說謊策略;而氣質(zhì)的其它維度則與幼兒說謊策略相關(guān)不顯著。(4)氣質(zhì)的調(diào)節(jié)作用:認(rèn)知靈活性和氣質(zhì)的心境維度對說謊策略的單獨預(yù)測作用不顯著,但兩者的交互作用可顯著預(yù)測5歲幼兒的說謊策略。
[Abstract]:The existing studies show that the children of 3 years old have already appeared the lying behavior, but the children's lying behavior shows the very big individual difference, some children lie, and some children do not lie. Therefore, this study wants to explore what factors affect children's lying behavior. Some studies have shown that the development of executive function will have a great impact on the lying behavior of children. At the same time some studies have found that the temperament of individuals may also affect the lying behavior of young children. However, the results of relevant studies are not consistent at present. Therefore, based on the previous studies, we further investigated the influence of executive function and temperament on lying behavior of children aged 3-5 years. In this study 292 children aged 3-5 years old in two kindergartens in Hangzhou were studied. The first study was to explore the effect of executive function on lying behavior in children aged 3-5 years. Children's lying behavior was investigated by "guessing game", and six classical laboratory tasks were used to measure the executive function of children. Among them, day / night task and lion / tiger task were used to investigate the inhibition and control ability of young children, and animal task and love task were used to investigate the working memory ability of young children. The cognitive flexibility of young children was investigated by dimension change card sorting task (DCCS) and mixed fish task (Flanker fish). In the second study, children's temperament characteristics were investigated by teacher's version of Children's temperament Assessment questionnaire, and the influence of temperament on children's lying behavior and executive function and temperament on lying behavior were discussed. The main results are as follows: the age characteristics of lying behavior of children aged 3 to 5 years old: the incidence of lying increases with age, and the gender difference in denial of violation is not significant. The lying strategies of girls were better than that of boys. The effect of executive function on children's lying behavior was better than that of boys. Each component of executive function and its total score had no significant correlation with children's denial of violation, and there was no difference in age. There was significant correlation between working memory and lying strategies, and there were significant differences in age. Only 5 year old children's working memory positively predicted lying strategies. Inhibition control, cognitive flexibility and total score of executive function were not significantly correlated with children's lying strategies. (3) temperament had no significant effect on children's lying behavior: only temperament's tendency of avoidance was significantly correlated with children's denial and violation of regulations in all dimensions of temperament, and there were significant differences in age. Only 3 years old children had evasive negative predictive denial violation, while other dimensions of temperament had no significant correlation with children's denial of violation. In all dimensions of temperament, temperament avoidance, reaction threshold and response intensity were significantly correlated with the lying strategies of young children, and there were significant differences in age. Only children aged 5 years old had positive predictive lying strategies of temperament avoidance and reaction threshold. Response intensity negatively predicted lying strategies, while other dimensions of temperament were not significantly correlated with toddlers' lying strategies. (4) temperament regulation: cognitive flexibility and mood dimension of temperament had no significant effect on individual prediction of lying strategies. However, the interaction of the two can significantly predict the lying strategies of 5-year-old children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848.4

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