本文選題：行乞人員 + 人格�。� 參考：《魯東大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：個體的人格特征與其行為方式息息相關，甚至在一定程度上決定了個體的行為，因而，長期以來，人格就是心理學的重點研究領域之一，，其研究對象涵蓋了青少年、員工、學生等社會主流群體。但是，作為社會邊緣群體的行乞人員，沒能得到人格研究者的重視，與他們的人格相關的研究文獻，也是少之又少。 本文通過對行乞人員進行訪談，并結合卡特爾16因素人格問卷，對行乞人員的人格特征進行了研究。卡特爾用因素分析法提出了基于人格特質的四層理論模型，這四層分別是：個別特質和共同特質；表面特質和根源特質；體質特質和環(huán)境特質；動力特質、能力特質和氣質特質。其中，表面特質和根源特質是人格層次中最為重要的一層。1949年，卡特爾提出了16種相互獨立的根源特質，并據此編制了卡特爾16因素人格問卷，即16PF，用來對人格進行量化分析。這16種根源特質分別為：樂群性、聰慧性、情緒穩(wěn)定性、恃強性、興奮性、有恒性、敢為性、敏感性、懷疑性、幻想性、世故性、憂慮性、激進性、獨立性、自律性和緊張性。筆者將對被試的這16種特質進行分析。 結合訪談資料和卡特爾16因素人格問卷的結果，在對5名被試進行研究后，筆者發(fā)現，這5名被試的人格特質均存在高憂慮性、高緊張性、高敢為性和高恃強性等現象；而情緒穩(wěn)定性、樂群性、聰慧性、有恒性、自律性等因子得分并不存在普遍偏低的現象，敏感性、懷疑性等因子得分也并沒有偏高。此外，行乞人員的需求模式更接近阿爾德弗的需求模型，比較滿足“受挫——后退”律，即較高層次的需求遭受挫折而無法得到滿足時，個體就會退而求其次，對較低層次的需求的愿望就會變大。據此，筆者提出了從其人格特點出發(fā)，給予行乞人員特殊的指導，提供與其特質相適應的就業(yè)機會等建議，希望為行乞人員的救助與管理提供新思路。 目前對行乞人員的救助與管理的研究，多從社會學、經濟學、法學和醫(yī)學等角度出發(fā)，制定相應的對策措施，來為其提供幫助，對其進行規(guī)范。本文的創(chuàng)新點就在于從心理學角度，提出根據行乞人員的人格特征來探討相應的救助措施，這些或將為行乞人員的救助與管理提供新途徑，亦是本文的意義所在。
[Abstract]:The personality characteristics of individuals are closely related to their behavior patterns, and even determine their behavior to a certain extent. Therefore, for a long time, personality has been one of the key research fields of psychology, and its research objects include teenagers and employees. Students and other mainstream groups in society. However, as the beggars of the marginalized groups of society, they have not been paid attention to by personality researchers, and there are few research documents related to their personality. This paper studies the personality characteristics of beggars by interviewing beggars and combining with Cattell 16 Factor Personality questionnaire. By using factor analysis, Cattell puts forward a four-layer theoretical model based on personality traits, which are: individual trait and common trait; superficial trait and root trait; physique trait and environmental trait; dynamic trait. Ability and temperament. In 1949, Cattell proposed 16 independent root traits and compiled the Cattell 16-Factor Personality questionnaire (16PF) for quantitative analysis of personality. These 16 root traits are: musical group, intelligence, emotional stability, dependence, excitability, permanence, courage, sensitivity, scepticism, fantasy, sophistication, anxiety, radicalism, independence, self-discipline and tension. The author will analyze the 16 traits of the subjects. Based on the data of interview and the results of Cattell 16-Factor Personality questionnaire, the author finds that the personality traits of the five subjects are all of high anxiety, high tension, high courage and high confidence. The scores of emotional stability, musical group, intelligence, constancy, self-discipline and other factors were not generally low, and the scores of sensitivity, suspicion and other factors were not on the high side. In addition, the demand model of beggars is closer to that of Alderford, and is more satisfied with the "thwart-backward" law, that is, when a higher level of demand is frustrated and cannot be met, the individual will fall back and seek second place. The desire for lower levels of demand increases. Based on the above, the author puts forward some suggestions on giving beggars special guidance according to their personality characteristics and providing employment opportunities suitable to their characteristics, hoping to provide new ideas for the rescue and management of beggars. At present, the research on the aid and management of beggars is mainly from the angles of sociology, economics, law and medicine, and formulates the corresponding countermeasures to help them and standardize them. The innovation of this paper lies in the psychological point of view, put forward according to the personality characteristics of beggars to explore the corresponding relief measures, which may provide a new way for the relief and management of beggars, which is also the significance of this article.
【學位授予單位】：魯東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848

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本文編號：1837342