本文選題：觀點(diǎn)采擇 + 對(duì)象規(guī)模��； 參考：《蘇州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：偏見,作為一種普遍存在的社會(huì)心理現(xiàn)象,一直是社會(huì)學(xué)、心理學(xué)、人類學(xué)等諸多學(xué)科關(guān)注和探究的焦點(diǎn)之一。而如何減少偏見,化解群際間的矛盾與沖突是擺在研究者面前的一道難題。觀點(diǎn)采擇作為社會(huì)認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域新近發(fā)展出的一種干預(yù)策略,不僅可以減少負(fù)性刻板印象與偏見、改善群際關(guān)系,而且在實(shí)施過程中,具備自身的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢,能夠避免其他干預(yù)措施可能帶來的負(fù)面影響。在我國老齡人口迅速增加,老齡化程度不斷加深的背景下。本研究選取老年人作為態(tài)度對(duì)象,通過三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),意圖探究觀點(diǎn)采擇降低老年人內(nèi)隱偏見的效果。研究一,采用3(觀點(diǎn)采擇方式:想象他人、想象自己、控制組)×2(采擇對(duì)象性別:男、女)被試間設(shè)計(jì),探究觀點(diǎn)采擇方式和采擇對(duì)象性別對(duì)老年人內(nèi)隱偏見的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)觀點(diǎn)采擇方式對(duì)內(nèi)隱偏見有顯著影響,想象自己時(shí)的內(nèi)隱偏見顯著低于控制組,即想象自己能夠顯著降低內(nèi)隱偏見;而想象他人時(shí)的內(nèi)隱偏見與控制組無顯著差異,即想象他人不能顯著降低內(nèi)隱偏見。(2)采擇對(duì)象性別對(duì)內(nèi)隱偏見沒有顯著影響,被試對(duì)老年男女的偏見程度相當(dāng)。(3)觀點(diǎn)采擇方式與采擇對(duì)象性別的交互作用不顯著。研究二,針對(duì)研究一發(fā)現(xiàn),采擇對(duì)象為個(gè)體時(shí),想象自己能夠降低內(nèi)隱偏見,為進(jìn)一步探討其在群體層面上的有效性,引入采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模(個(gè)體、群體),采用單因素被試間設(shè)計(jì),探究想象自己觀點(diǎn)采擇方式下,采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模(個(gè)體、群體)對(duì)老年人內(nèi)隱偏見的影響。結(jié)果表明:采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模對(duì)內(nèi)隱偏見有顯著影響,采擇對(duì)象為群體時(shí)被試的內(nèi)隱偏見更高,即想象自己無法顯著降低內(nèi)隱偏見。研究三,針對(duì)研究二發(fā)現(xiàn),想象自己時(shí)的內(nèi)隱偏見受采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模影響,為探討研究一中想象他人無效的可能原因,采用單因素被試間設(shè)計(jì),探究想象他人觀點(diǎn)采擇方式下,采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模(個(gè)體、群體)對(duì)老年人內(nèi)隱偏見的影響。結(jié)果表明:采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模對(duì)內(nèi)隱偏見有顯著影響,采擇對(duì)象為群體時(shí)被試的內(nèi)隱偏見更低,即想象他人能夠顯著降低內(nèi)隱偏見。綜上所述,觀點(diǎn)采擇能夠顯著降低人們對(duì)老年人的內(nèi)隱偏見,且不受采擇對(duì)象性別影響。此外,兩種不同觀點(diǎn)采擇方式降低內(nèi)隱偏見的效果受采擇對(duì)象規(guī)模影響。
[Abstract]:Prejudice, as a common social psychological phenomenon, has always been the focus of attention and exploration in sociology, psychology, anthropology and so on. How to reduce prejudice and resolve conflicts between groups is a difficult problem for researchers. As a newly developed intervention strategy in the field of social cognition, viewpoint selection can not only reduce negative stereotypes and prejudices, improve inter-group relations, but also have its own unique advantages in the process of implementation. Can avoid the possible negative impact of other interventions. In our country, the aging population is increasing rapidly and the degree of aging is deepening. In this study, the elderly were chosen as the attitude objects, and through three experiments, the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of viewpoint selection to reduce the implicit prejudice of the elderly. In the first study, 3 (viewpoint selection: imagining others, imagining oneself, controlling group) 脳 2 (sex of the object: male and female) were used to explore the influence of the way of viewpoint selection and the sex of the object on the implicit prejudice of the elderly. The results showed that the way of taking one's opinion had a significant effect on the implicit bias. The implicit bias in imagining oneself was significantly lower than that in the control group, that is, imagining oneself could significantly reduce the implicit bias, but there was no significant difference between the implicit bias when imagining others and the control group. That is to say, imagine others can not significantly reduce implicit bias. 2) the sex of the selected object has no significant influence on the implicit bias, and the subjects have the same degree of prejudice against the elderly men and women. 3) the interaction between the method of taking and the sex of the object is not significant. Second, in view of the findings of the first study, when the object is an individual, imagine oneself can reduce the implicit prejudice, in order to further explore its validity in the group level, the scale of the object of taking is introduced (individual, In this paper, a single factor design was used to explore the influence of the size of the object (individual, group) on the implicit prejudice of the elderly. The results show that the size of the object has a significant effect on the implicit bias, and the implicit bias is higher when the object is a group, that is to say, the implicit bias can not be significantly reduced by imagining oneself. Third, in view of the findings of the second study, the implicit bias in imagining oneself is affected by the scale of the object of choice. In order to explore the possible reasons why the imagination of others is ineffective in study 1, the author uses a single factor design between the subjects to explore the way of choosing the viewpoint of imagining others. The effect of object size (individuals, groups) on implicit bias in the elderly. The results show that the size of the object has a significant effect on the implicit bias, and the implicit bias of the subjects is lower when the object is a group, that is, the implicit bias can be significantly reduced by imagining others. In conclusion, viewpoint selection can significantly reduce the implicit prejudice against the elderly and be independent of the gender of the object. In addition, the effect of two different approaches to reduce implicit bias is affected by the size of the object.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 梁晉;魯忠義;;個(gè)體自身情緒的喚醒對(duì)觀點(diǎn)采擇的影響[A];第十五屆全國心理學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)會(huì)議論文摘要集[C];2012年

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本文編號(hào)：1832430