發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-29 06:14

  本文選題：錯(cuò)誤記憶 + 年齡��； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：錯(cuò)誤記憶是指識(shí)記的事實(shí)與個(gè)體的記憶內(nèi)容發(fā)生偏離的心理現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象在我們的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中也經(jīng)常發(fā)生。在影響錯(cuò)誤記憶的諸多因素的研究中,關(guān)于呈現(xiàn)通道(視覺呈現(xiàn)、聽覺呈現(xiàn))和主動(dòng)建構(gòu)的項(xiàng)目特異性加工(即說出每個(gè)呈現(xiàn)項(xiàng)目的獨(dú)特特征)對(duì)錯(cuò)誤記憶影響的研究還相當(dāng)匱乏,而已有的這些研究也多集中于對(duì)成人被試的探討,鮮少關(guān)注到兒童和老年人。因此,本研究從畢生的視角出發(fā),選取了兒童、成年人、老年人三個(gè)年齡群體的被試,在DRM范式下探討了呈現(xiàn)通道和主動(dòng)建構(gòu)的項(xiàng)目特異性加工對(duì)錯(cuò)誤記憶的影響。 本研究一共包括兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一以30名兒童(平均年齡10.9)、30名成人(平均年齡22.2)和30名老年人(平均年齡67.2)為被試,將呈現(xiàn)通道作為被試內(nèi)變量,探討了年齡和呈現(xiàn)通道對(duì)錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)成績(jī)的影響；實(shí)驗(yàn)二以實(shí)驗(yàn)一為對(duì)照組,在此基礎(chǔ)上加入了項(xiàng)目特異性加工的實(shí)驗(yàn)處理,并增加了30名兒童(平均年齡10.9)、30名成人(平均年齡20.5)和30名老年人(平均年齡69.6)作為項(xiàng)目特異性加工組被試,研究了項(xiàng)目特異性加工對(duì)錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)成績(jī)的影響及其作用機(jī)制,并進(jìn)一步分析了其與呈現(xiàn)通道的交互作用�？偟难芯拷Y(jié)果概括如下： (1)錯(cuò)誤記憶表現(xiàn)出年齡差異,兒童的錯(cuò)誤再認(rèn)水平顯著低于成年人,而老年人與成年人之間差異不顯著； (2)兒童與成人被試在聽覺通道下的錯(cuò)誤記憶顯著高于視覺通道下,老年被試在視聽通道下無差異； (3)主動(dòng)建構(gòu)的項(xiàng)目特異性加工同時(shí)提高了成人被試的正確記憶和錯(cuò)誤記憶水平,對(duì)兒童與老年被試的正確記憶和錯(cuò)誤記憶也產(chǎn)生了相同形式的影響,但這種影響較小； (4)主動(dòng)建構(gòu)的項(xiàng)目特異性加工與呈現(xiàn)通道間不存在顯著的交互作用,即項(xiàng)目特異性加工并未弱化呈現(xiàn)通道間的錯(cuò)誤記憶差異； (5)主動(dòng)建構(gòu)的項(xiàng)目特異性加工對(duì)錯(cuò)誤記憶的影響是編碼階段與提取階段協(xié)同作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:False memory refers to the psychological phenomenon that the facts of memory deviate from the content of individual memory, which often occurs in our real life. In the study of the many factors that influence false memory, the presentation channel (visual presentation, visual presentation, Auditory presentation) and proactively constructed project-specific processing (that is, to say the unique characteristics of each presentation item) on the impact of false memory is still relatively scarce, and most of these studies have focused on the adult subjects. Little attention is paid to children and the elderly. Therefore, from a lifelong perspective, this study selected three age groups of children, adults and the elderly to explore the impact of presentation channels and project-specific processing on false memory under the DRM paradigm. This study consists of two experiments. In experiment one, 30 children (average age 10.9 years old) and 30 elderly people (mean age 67.2 years) were selected as subjects, and the influence of age and presentation channel on the achievement of false recognition was studied. In the second experiment, experiment one was taken as the control group, and on this basis, the experimental treatment of project-specific processing was added. Thirty children (average age 10.9 years) and 30 old people (average age 69.6) were added as subjects of item specific processing group. The effects of item specific processing on false recognition and its mechanism were studied. The interaction between it and the presentation channel is further analyzed. The overall findings are summarized as follows: (1) false memory showed age difference, the level of false recognition in children was significantly lower than that in adults, but there was no significant difference between the elderly and adults; (2) the false memory of children and adults under auditory channel was significantly higher than that under visual channel, but there was no difference between the elderly and the elderly in audiovisual channel. (3) the project specific processing of active construction also improved the correct memory and false memory of adult subjects, and had the same effect on the correct memory and false memory of children and elderly subjects, but this effect was small; (4) there is no significant interaction between project-specific processing and presentation channel, that is, project-specific processing does not weaken the error memory difference between presentation channels; 5) the effect of item specific processing of active construction on false memory is the result of synergistic effect between coding stage and extraction stage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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