本文選題：認知偏向 + 特質感恩��； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：感恩是指個體對他人幫助產生的感激之情,它是當今積極心理學領域的熱點研究問題。我國有著博大精深的感恩思想,比如:"滴水之恩當涌泉相報"、"知恩圖報,善莫大焉"等。但就感恩的心理學研究來說與國外有很大差距,尤其是實證研究少之又少。感恩研究可以從特質感恩和狀態(tài)感恩兩個方面展開,特質感恩是指一個人擁有很高的感恩情感特征,他會很容易和頻繁地體驗到感恩之情。狀態(tài)感恩是指個體在受到他人幫助后產生的一種即時性情緒體驗,即感恩情緒。到目前為止還沒有采用信息加工方法探討特質感恩和狀態(tài)感恩認知機制問題的研究。本研究在前人的相關和橫斷研究基礎上,將認知加工的解釋階段和注意、記憶階段進行整合。主要圍繞特質感恩和狀態(tài)感恩的注意偏向、記憶偏向和解釋偏向三個方向展開,且在三種不同階段采用不同的認知任務,來探討三種認知加工偏向的特點與機制。研究共分為兩大部分,七個實驗。第一部分實驗圍繞特質感恩的認知加工偏向展開。研究一和研究二采用go/nogo范式和情緒stroop范式,選取不同情緒詞刺激作為實驗材料,來比較高低不同特質感恩大學生在識別情緒詞的反應時和正確率上是否存在差異,是否對情緒詞存在注意偏向,以考察特質感恩在注意階段的特點。研究三采用詞性判斷和自由回憶任務來探討高低不同特質感恩大學生在情緒詞外顯記憶上的特點。實驗四采用具有模棱兩可模糊事件任務,考察高低特質感恩大學生的解釋偏向特點。探討高特質感恩個體是否傾向于積極的解釋偏向,低特質感恩組個體是否傾向于消極解釋偏向。第二部分實驗圍繞狀態(tài)感恩的認知加工偏向展開。通過誘發(fā)大學生的感恩情緒來考察個體在認知加工方式上是否出現(xiàn)積極偏向。實驗五基于情緒stroop實驗范式,選取不同情緒詞刺激作為實驗材料,來比較狀態(tài)感恩大學生在識別情緒詞的反應時和正確率上是否存在差異,是否對情緒詞存在注意偏向,以考察狀態(tài)感恩在注意階段的特點。實驗六采用詞性判斷和自由回憶任務來探討狀態(tài)感恩大學生在情緒詞外顯記憶上的特點。實驗七采用具有模棱兩可模糊事件任務,考察狀態(tài)感恩大學生的解釋偏向特點,探討狀態(tài)感恩大學生是否傾向于更為積極的解釋偏向。基于以上研究,本文得到以下結果和結論:(1)高低特質感恩個體產生了明顯的認知偏向。具體表現(xiàn)為:在go/nogo任務和情緒stroop任務上,高特質感恩組個體產生了明顯的積極注意偏向,低特質感恩個體產生了明顯的消極注意偏向。在自由回憶任務中,高特質感恩個體產生了明顯的積極記憶偏向,而低特質感恩個體則產生了明顯的消極記憶偏向。在模糊事件解釋任務中,高特質感恩個體產生了明顯的積極解釋偏向,而低特質感恩個體產生了明顯的消極解釋偏向。(2)狀態(tài)感恩個體出現(xiàn)了明顯的積極認知偏向。具體表現(xiàn)為,在情緒stroop任務上,狀態(tài)感恩誘發(fā)個體出現(xiàn)了明顯的積極注意偏向。在自由回憶任務中,出現(xiàn)了明顯的積極記憶偏向。在模糊事件解釋任務中,出現(xiàn)了明顯的積極解釋偏向。(3)無論特質感恩還是狀態(tài)感恩均能使個體產生積極認知偏向,從而給出了感恩能夠降低抑郁狀態(tài)的實驗證明。
[Abstract]:Gratitude refers to the individual's gratitude for the help of others. It is a hot research issue in the field of positive psychology today. There is a profound and profound gratitude thought in our country, for example, "the love of drip water", "the wisdom of the newspaper, and the kindness". The study of gratitude can be carried out from two aspects: trait gratitude and state gratitude. Trait gratitude refers to a person having a very high gratitude emotional feature. He can easily and frequently experience gratitude. State gratitude refers to an immediate emotional experience, which is produced by the help of others, that is, gratitude. So far, information processing methods have not been used to study the cognitive mechanism of trait gratitude and state gratitude. On the basis of previous related and transection studies, this study integrates the interpretation stage of cognitive processing with the attention and memory stages of cognitive processing, mainly focusing on the attention bias of trait gratitude and state gratitude, memory bias and interpretation. In three directions, and using different cognitive tasks in three different stages, the characteristics and mechanisms of three cognitive processing bias are discussed. The study is divided into two parts and seven experiments. The first part of the experiment focuses on the cognitive processing bias of idiosyncratic gratitude. The first and the research two adopt the go/nogo paradigm and the emotional Stroop paradigm. Different emotional words are taken as experimental materials to compare whether there are differences in recognition of emotional words by college students with high and low qualities and whether there is a attention bias to emotional words in order to investigate the characteristics of trait gratitude in the stage of attention. Study three uses word judgment and free recall task to explore the high and low levels. The same trait is grateful for the characteristics of College Students' explicit memory in emotional words. Experiment four uses ambiguous and ambiguous event tasks to examine the interpretation bias of high and low quality gratitude students. Whether high idiosyncratic gratitude individuals tend to be positive interpretation bias and whether low trait gratitude groups tend to negative interpretation bias. Second Experimental five is based on the emotional Stroop experimental paradigm and selects different emotional words as experimental materials to compare the state gratitude college students' response to the recognition of emotional words. Whether there is difference between the time and the correct rate, whether there is a attention bias to emotional words to investigate the characteristics of state gratitude at the attention stage. Experiment six uses word judgment and free recall task to explore the characteristics of the state Thanksgiving college students' explicit memory in emotional words. Experiment seven uses ambiguous event tasks and investigation state. Based on the above studies, the following results and conclusions are obtained: (1) high and low idiosyncratic gratitude individuals have obvious cognitive bias. The specific performance is: on the go/ NoGo task and emotional Stroop task, the high trait gratitude group individual There are obvious positive attention bias, and low trait gratitude individual produces obvious negative attention bias. In the free memory task, high trait gratitude individuals produce obvious positive memory bias, while low trait gratitude individuals produce obvious negative memory bias. There are obvious positive explanation bias, while low trait gratitude individuals have obvious negative explanation bias. (2) state gratitude individuals have obvious positive cognitive bias. In the emotional Stroop task, state gratitude induced individuals have obvious positive bias. Positive memory bias is positive. (3) both trait gratitude and state gratitude can produce positive cognitive bias, thus giving the experimental proof that gratitude can reduce the state of depression.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前7條

1 孫文剛;汪金;韓仁生;;大學生感戴量表(GRAT)的修訂[J];中國臨床心理學雜志;2010年01期

2 柳春香;黃希庭;;特質焦慮大學生注意偏向的實驗研究[J];心理科學;2008年06期

3 王一牛;周立明;羅躍嘉;;漢語情感詞系統(tǒng)的初步編制及評定[J];中國心理衛(wèi)生雜志;2008年08期

4 戴琴;馮正直;;神經質人格對情緒詞注意偏向的影響[J];中國健康心理學雜志;2008年04期

5 戴琴;馮正直;;抑郁患者的注意偏向[J];心理科學進展;2008年02期

6 趙國祥;陳欣;;初中生感戴維度研究[J];心理科學;2006年06期

7 馬云獻,扈巖;大學生感戴量表的初步編制[J];中國健康心理學雜志;2004年05期

相關博士學位論文 前1條

1 金一波;抑郁個體情緒認知機制及干預性研究[D];華東師范大學;2008年

相關碩士學位論文 前4條

1 孔婷婷;大學生抑郁認知易感者的注意偏向[D];首都師范大學;2014年

2 肖倩;大學生抑郁認知易感者對任務無關情緒面孔注意偏向研究[D];首都師范大學;2014年

3 郭丹;高低神經質個體認知加工偏向的實驗研究[D];西南大學;2014年

4 徐西良;復發(fā)性抑郁緩解期個體注意偏向的眼動及認知干預實驗研究[D];江西師范大學;2013年

，

本文編號：1809558