本文選題：情緒面孔 + 搜索不對(duì)稱性　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：情緒面孔的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)指的是：在視覺搜索任務(wù)中,當(dāng)負(fù)性情緒(憤怒、悲傷)面孔作為搜索目標(biāo),正性情緒(高興)面孔作為背景分心物時(shí),對(duì)搜索序列的反應(yīng)速度要顯著快于正性情緒面孔作為目標(biāo)而負(fù)性情緒面孔作為背景分心物的條件。 對(duì)于搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)的解釋,目前主要存在兩種觀點(diǎn)：情緒觀和知覺觀。情緒觀從面孔本身的情緒內(nèi)容來(lái)解釋搜索的不對(duì)稱性現(xiàn)象,主要有威脅刺激捕獲注意的假設(shè)和情緒擺脫的假設(shè)。而知覺觀是從不同情緒面孔本身的知覺特征差異來(lái)解釋搜索的不對(duì)稱性現(xiàn)象,主要有知覺組織的假設(shè)和閉合結(jié)構(gòu)的假設(shè),還包括其他面部特征的知覺差異假設(shè)。 通過分析和比較已有的研究結(jié)論,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)研究者們往往傾向于用一種觀點(diǎn)(情緒觀或知覺觀)來(lái)解釋情緒面孔搜索的不對(duì)稱性,而沒有考慮到情緒因素和知覺因素的融合。實(shí)際上,無(wú)論人們看到的是真實(shí)的圖片面孔還是簡(jiǎn)圖面孔,除了能感知面孔的情緒內(nèi)容,還能觀察到不同情緒面孔的知覺差異,二者是同時(shí)存在的,并不能忽視二者的共存性。因此,為了進(jìn)行理論的整合,以一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)解釋情緒面孔的搜索不對(duì)稱性,本研究通過分離情緒因素和知覺因素來(lái)進(jìn)行了一系列的實(shí)驗(yàn)。 首先,研究從削弱正性和負(fù)性情緒面孔的知覺差異的角度去探究情緒因素起到的作用。 實(shí)驗(yàn)1中用自行繪制的負(fù)性和正性簡(jiǎn)圖面孔,重復(fù)前人的研究。使用視覺搜索范式對(duì)16名被試進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)了顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性現(xiàn)象,即搜索目標(biāo)為負(fù)性面孔時(shí)的反應(yīng)速度顯著快于搜索目標(biāo)為正性面孔時(shí)的反應(yīng)速度。 實(shí)驗(yàn)2中將簡(jiǎn)圖面孔的輪廓變成了正方形,這樣兩種情緒類型的面孔中同時(shí)都有閉合結(jié)構(gòu),并且都沒有平行結(jié)構(gòu)。進(jìn)行視覺搜索任務(wù)后,結(jié)果仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)了顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性現(xiàn)象。通過分析認(rèn)為這可能正意味著情緒因素起到了作用。 實(shí)驗(yàn)3中研究將進(jìn)一步削弱面孔的知覺差異,去除了簡(jiǎn)圖面孔的輪廓,此時(shí)兩種情緒面孔中都不具有閉合結(jié)構(gòu)和平行結(jié)構(gòu)。在進(jìn)行了視覺搜索任務(wù)后,結(jié)果觀察到了顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)。通過分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)間的比較,本研究認(rèn)為這種顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)正是由情緒因素主導(dǎo)的。 由于實(shí)驗(yàn)3中的面孔沒有輪廓,為了防止被試將面孔的眼睛和嘴進(jìn)行混淆,因此在實(shí)驗(yàn)4中給實(shí)驗(yàn)3中的面孔增加了一對(duì)眼睛,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)此時(shí)被試很容易將其知覺為一種表情。在進(jìn)行了視覺搜索任務(wù)后,結(jié)果觀察到了顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性現(xiàn)象,與實(shí)驗(yàn)3沒有任何差異,因此更證實(shí)了實(shí)驗(yàn)3的推斷。 實(shí)驗(yàn)5中,研究只保留了簡(jiǎn)圖面孔的嘴部線條和下頜部分線條,但是在實(shí)驗(yàn)開始之前通過動(dòng)畫演示告知被試他們所看到的刺激與情緒面孔之間的聯(lián)系,然后進(jìn)行相同的視覺搜索任務(wù),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)了顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng),根據(jù)知覺組織的假設(shè),這里的效應(yīng)可能混雜著情緒和知覺因素的作用。 其次,在肯定了情緒因素作用的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究從另一個(gè)角度,去削弱兩種面孔的情緒內(nèi)容來(lái)探究知覺因素的作用。 實(shí)驗(yàn)6中仍然使用與實(shí)驗(yàn)5相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,但是在實(shí)驗(yàn)前并不告知被試任何與情緒內(nèi)容有關(guān)的信息。進(jìn)行了視覺搜索任務(wù)后,結(jié)果觀察到了顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)。通過與實(shí)驗(yàn)5的比較和分析,本研究認(rèn)為實(shí)驗(yàn)5中的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)確實(shí)有情緒因素的作用,而實(shí)驗(yàn)6中的效應(yīng)就是由知覺因素導(dǎo)致的,并且可以用知覺組織的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)解釋。 實(shí)驗(yàn)7中,本研究直接提取出了簡(jiǎn)圖面孔的嘴部線條來(lái)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。此時(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)刺激已和情緒內(nèi)容沒有關(guān)系,但是進(jìn)行視覺搜索任務(wù)后,結(jié)果仍然觀察到了搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng),意味著兩種彎曲方向不同的線條之間本身就存在著差異可以導(dǎo)致搜索的不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)。 在之前的實(shí)驗(yàn)中,研究中使用的搜索序列是矩陣排列,為了排除空間構(gòu)型帶來(lái)的影響,本研究在實(shí)驗(yàn)8中將搜索序列變?yōu)殡S機(jī)排列的序列,進(jìn)行了相同的視覺搜索任務(wù),結(jié)果還是發(fā)現(xiàn)了搜索的不對(duì)稱性,排除了空間構(gòu)型和搜索序列的不同帶來(lái)的影響。而為了進(jìn)一步排除空間構(gòu)型的影響,研究又將搜索序列變?yōu)閳A形搜索序列來(lái)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)9,結(jié)果雖然只有一個(gè)邊緣顯著的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng),但并沒有排除兩種線條之間存在的知覺差異。 通過本研究的一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和分析認(rèn)為,在情緒面孔的搜索不對(duì)稱性效應(yīng)中,情緒因素和知覺因素是共同發(fā)揮著作用的。
[Abstract]:In the task of visual search , when negative emotion ( anger and sadness ) face is used as the search target , positive emotion ( happy ) face is used as background distraction , the reaction speed of the search sequence is faster than that of positive emotion face as the target and negative emotion face as background distraction .

There are two main points of view on the explanation of the search asymmetry effect : the emotion view and the perception view . The emotion view explains the asymmetry phenomenon of the search from the emotion content of the face itself , and mainly presents the hypothesis that the stimulus captures the attention and the hypothesis that the emotion gets rid of . The perception view is the assumption that the search is asymmetric , the hypothesis of the perceptual organization and the assumption of the closed structure , and the perception difference hypothesis of other facial features .

By analyzing and comparing the existing research findings , it is found that the researchers tend to explain the asymmetry of emotional face search with a view ( emotion view or perception view ) without taking into account emotional factors and perception factors . In fact , no matter what people see is the real picture face or the sketch face , in addition to being able to perceive the emotional content of the face , it can also observe the perceptual difference of the emotion faces . Therefore , in order to integrate the theory , the search asymmetry of the emotional face can be explained with a unified viewpoint , and this study has carried out a series of experiments by separating emotion factors and perception factors .

First , to explore the role of emotional factors from the perspective of weakening the perception of positive and negative emotional faces .

In Experiment 1 , we repeated the study of the predecessors by using the self - drawn negative and positive sketch faces . Using the visual search paradigm , 16 subjects were tested , and the results showed a significant search asymmetry , that is , the rate of reaction when the search target was a negative face was significantly faster than the rate of reaction when the search target was a positive face .

In Experiment 2 , the profile of the profile of the sketch turned into a square , so that both types of emotion had a closed structure and had no parallel structure . After a visual search task , a significant search asymmetry was still found . By analysis , this might be indicative of an emotional factor .

in experiment 3 , that study will further weaken the perception difference of the face , and remove the outline of the sketch face . At this time , there are no closed structure and parallel structure in the two emotion faces . After the visual search task is carried out , the result shows a remarkable search asymmetry effect .

Since the face in Experiment 3 does not have a contour , in order to prevent the eyes and mouth of the face from being tried to be confused , it has been found in Experiment 4 that the face in Experiment 3 has increased a pair of eyes , and it has been found experimentally that it is easy to perceive it as an expression . After a visual search task , a significant search asymmetry has been observed , and there is no difference from experiment 3 , and therefore the inference of Experiment 3 is more confirmed .

In Experiment 5 , only the mouth lines and the mandibular partial lines of the sketch face were retained , but the relationship between the stimulus and the emotional face that was seen before the start of the experiment was informed and then the same visual search task was performed , the results showed a significant search asymmetry effect , and the effects here may be mixed with emotion and perception factors based on the hypothesis of the perceptual organization .

Secondly , on the basis of affirmation of emotional factors , the research explores the role of perception factors from another angle to weaken the emotional content of the two faces .

The experiment 6 still uses the same experimental material as Experiment 5 , but before the experiment , it is not informed of any information related to emotion content . After the visual search task , the results have observed a remarkable search asymmetry effect . Through the comparison and analysis with experiment 5 , the result shows that the search asymmetry effect in Experiment 5 does have emotional factors , and the effect in experiment 6 is caused by perceptual factors , and can be explained by perceptual organization ' s point of view .

In Experiment 7 , this study directly extracts the mouth line of the sketch face to carry on the experiment research . At this time , the experiment stimulation is not related to the emotion content , but after the visual search task , the result still observes the search asymmetry effect , which means that there is a difference between the lines with different bending directions , which can lead to the asymmetry effect of the search .

In the previous experiment , the search sequence used in the study was matrix arrangement . In order to eliminate the influence of spatial configuration , the study conducted the same visual search task in experiment 8 . The results showed that the asymmetry of the search was eliminated , and the influence of spatial configuration and search sequence was eliminated .

Through a series of experimental results and analysis , emotional factors and perceived factors play a role in the asymmetric effect of emotional face search .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 葉榕;余鳳瓊;蔣玉寶;汪凱;;注意瞬脫范式中的知覺負(fù)載對(duì)情緒面孔加工的影響[J];心理學(xué)報(bào);2011年05期

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本文編號(hào)：1732942