本文選題：心理距離 + 損益情景　； 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著“余額寶”的出現(xiàn),國內(nèi)掀起了一股小額理財(cái)熱,而購買理財(cái)產(chǎn)品也是一種跨期選擇問題——是直接獲得現(xiàn)有購買力還是通過購買理財(cái)產(chǎn)品延遲購買行為而獲得更多的購買力?另外,在金融理財(cái)領(lǐng)域,不僅存在為自己進(jìn)行理財(cái)決策的情況,更多的是為別人做決策,如理財(cái)經(jīng)理為客戶提供投資方案。但從目前研究來看,心理距離對(duì)跨期選擇的影響與如何解釋這種影響,還存在比較大的爭(zhēng)議,而且以往的研究多以跨期選擇中的獲益情景為任務(wù),沒有考查損失情景下的情況,而理財(cái)中不免會(huì)遇到損失的情況,因此,很有必要分兩種情景對(duì)跨期選擇進(jìn)行研究,以彌補(bǔ)現(xiàn)有研究的不足。 本研究實(shí)驗(yàn)一與實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用兩種不同的方式改變心理距離,前者通過改變建構(gòu)水平,后者則引入心理距離IOS量表法操縱自我和他人之間的心理距離,同時(shí)借鑒經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域中跨期選擇的研究范式,采用自編的損益情景下的理財(cái)決策問卷,以考查決策者在不同條件下的時(shí)間偏好變化及其認(rèn)知機(jī)制。 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：(1)無論如何改變心理距離,個(gè)體在損失情景下的時(shí)間折扣率顯著高于收益情景下的時(shí)間折扣率,即個(gè)體面對(duì)損失情景的跨期選擇時(shí),更加偏向立即選項(xiàng),而面對(duì)收益情景的時(shí)候,則更加偏向延遲選項(xiàng);(2)在收益情景中,心理距離對(duì)決策者的跨期偏好有顯著影響。當(dāng)延遲與立即選項(xiàng)的心理距離差異減小時(shí),時(shí)間折扣率被弱化；(3)在損失情景中,心理距離對(duì)決策者的跨期偏好影響不大,存在不同心理距離下跨期偏好在損益情景中的分離現(xiàn)象。 本研究在收益情景中的結(jié)果與Kim, Schnall和White (2013)發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果一致,并且利用“心理距離交換模型”來進(jìn)行解釋相近心理距離為何會(huì)弱化時(shí)間折扣率。而在損失情景中并未發(fā)現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象,說明近年來在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)的不同心理距離條件下得失情景的不對(duì)稱性的現(xiàn)象,在跨期選擇中同樣存在。最后從價(jià)值函數(shù)理論,建構(gòu)水平理論,跨期選擇的神經(jīng)機(jī)制等角度對(duì)上述發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行了分析和討論,并提出了實(shí)際生活中理財(cái)決策的應(yīng)用建議。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of "Yu'e Bao", there has been a fever of small financial management in China.The purchase of wealth management products is also an intertemporal choice question-whether to obtain the existing purchasing power directly or by buying wealth management products to delay the purchase behavior to gain more purchasing power?In addition, in the field of financial management, there are not only financial decisions for themselves, but also for others, such as financial managers to provide investment plans for clients.However, from the current studies, there is still considerable controversy over the impact of psychological distance on intertemporal selection and how to explain it. Moreover, previous studies have mostly focused on the benefit scenarios in the intertemporal selection, and have not examined the situation under the loss scenario.Therefore, it is necessary to study the intertemporal selection in two scenarios in order to make up for the deficiency of the existing research.The first and second experiments used two different ways to change the psychological distance. The former changed the level of construction, the latter introduced the psychological distance IOS to manipulate the psychological distance between oneself and others.At the same time, referring to the research paradigm of intertemporal choice in the field of economics, this paper uses a self-designed financial decision questionnaire under profit and loss scenarios to examine the time preference and its cognitive mechanism of decision makers under different conditions.The results showed that no matter how the psychological distance was changed, the time discount rate of the individual under the loss scenario was significantly higher than the time discount rate under the income scenario, that is, when the individual faced the intertemporal choice of the loss scenario, he was more inclined to the immediate option.In the income scenario, the psychological distance has a significant influence on the intertemporal preference of decision makers.When the psychological distance difference between delayed and immediate options is reduced by an hour, the time discount rate is weakened. (3) in loss scenarios, psychological distance has little effect on the intertemporal preference of decision makers.There is the separation phenomenon of intertemporal preference in the profit and loss situation under different psychological distance.The results of this study are consistent with those found by Kim, Schnall and White / 2013, and the "psychological distance exchange model" is used to explain why similar psychological distance weakens the discount rate of time.However, this phenomenon is not found in loss scenarios, which indicates that the asymmetry phenomenon of gain and loss scenarios found in recent years in the study of risk decision making under different psychological distance conditions also exists in intertemporal selection.Finally, the above findings are analyzed and discussed from the perspective of value function theory, construction level theory and the neural mechanism of intertemporal selection, and some suggestions on the application of financial management decision in real life are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842;F832.5

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