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  本文選題：自我面孔　切入點(diǎn)：自我面孔的加工優(yōu)勢　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：自我面孔是一種凸顯性刺激，既有生物屬性也具有社會屬性，因而可以優(yōu)先捕獲注意，得到快速地加工。在自我研究中，成人對自我面孔的反應(yīng)速度快于對他人面孔的反應(yīng)速度，稱之為自我面孔加工優(yōu)勢（self-face advantage）。然而自我面孔加工優(yōu)勢并不是一直存在，為了適應(yīng)環(huán)境的變化它在特定情境下（如，社會威脅情境）會消失。個(gè)體根據(jù)生存環(huán)境的不斷變化靈活地調(diào)整行為，依賴于反應(yīng)抑制功能。反應(yīng)抑制是執(zhí)行功能的重要成分之一，指抑制不符合當(dāng)前需要的或不恰當(dāng)行為反應(yīng)的能力。論文以自我面孔為代表，研究自我信息的反應(yīng)抑制特點(diǎn)。 停止信號范式（stop-signal paradigm）是研究反應(yīng)抑制主要范式。該范式由一個(gè)選擇反應(yīng)任務(wù)和一個(gè)停止任務(wù)構(gòu)成。被試根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)要求對刺激做相應(yīng)的按鍵反應(yīng)（選擇反應(yīng)任務(wù)），任務(wù)中偶爾在刺激呈現(xiàn)后會緊跟一個(gè)聲音信號，當(dāng)被試聽到這個(gè)信號的時(shí)候，要停止按鍵反應(yīng)（停止任務(wù)）。 本研究采用停止信號范式，使用自我面孔和他人面孔作為刺激材料。假設(shè)自我面孔的加工優(yōu)勢受到信號的調(diào)節(jié)，在沖動條件下表現(xiàn)更為顯著；自我面孔的反應(yīng)抑制能力要強(qiáng)于他人面孔。為驗(yàn)證這些假設(shè)進(jìn)行了兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，分別從行為（實(shí)驗(yàn)一）和腦機(jī)制（實(shí)驗(yàn)二）兩個(gè)方面給予探討。 實(shí)驗(yàn)一的結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在選擇反應(yīng)任務(wù)中，自我面孔和他人面孔的反應(yīng)時(shí)沒有差異。抑制失敗條件下，自我面孔的信號反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著快于他人面孔。抑制成功條件下，自我面孔的抑制反應(yīng)時(shí)顯著的短于他人面孔。表明自我面孔加工的沖動性更強(qiáng)，因而需要的抑制努力更大。 實(shí)驗(yàn)二采用ERP技術(shù)探討自我面孔反應(yīng)抑制的腦機(jī)制，結(jié)果顯示，在選擇反應(yīng)任務(wù)中，自我面孔和他人面孔的反應(yīng)時(shí)沒有差異，但是在額中央?yún)^(qū)自我面孔誘發(fā)的N2波幅顯著小于他人面孔；在頂枕區(qū)，自我面孔誘發(fā)的P300波幅顯著的大于他人面孔。自我面孔抑制成功相比他人面孔抑制成功在額中央?yún)^(qū)誘發(fā)更大的負(fù)走向的慢波成分。抑制自我面孔失敗會在額中央?yún)^(qū)誘發(fā)一個(gè)更大的P300波幅。 綜上，實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了自我面孔受到信號調(diào)節(jié)，，在抑制失敗條件下，自我面孔更具有沖動性，這種沖動性誘發(fā)更大的P300波幅。同時(shí)也驗(yàn)證了，自我面孔的加工優(yōu)勢影響反應(yīng)抑制能力，誘發(fā)更大的負(fù)走向的慢波成分，表明自我面孔需要的抑制努力更大，投入的認(rèn)知資源更多。
[Abstract]:Self-face is a kind of salient stimulus, which has both biological and social properties, so it can be preferentially captured and processed quickly.In self-research, adults react more quickly to self-faces than to faces of others, which is called self-face advantage.However, the advantage of self-face processing does not always exist, in order to adapt to the changes in the environment, it will disappear in specific situations (such as social threat situation).The individual adjusts his behavior flexibly according to the changing living environment and relies on the response inhibition function.Response inhibition is one of the most important components of executive function, which refers to the ability to suppress the response of behavior that is not in accordance with current needs or inappropriate behavior.In this paper, self-face is taken as the representative to study the characteristics of self-information response inhibition.Stop-signal paradigm is the main paradigm in the study of response suppression.The paradigm consists of a selective response task and a stop task.The subjects responded to the stimulus by keystrokes according to the experiment requirements (select the response task, the task occasionally followed a sound signal after the stimulus was presented, and when the subjects heard the signal, they had to stop the keystroke response (stop the task).In this study, stop-signal paradigm was used and self-faces and other faces were used as stimuli.It is assumed that the processing advantage of self-faces is regulated by signals and is more obvious under impulsive conditions, and the ability of self-face response inhibition is stronger than that of other faces.In order to verify these hypotheses, two experimental studies were carried out, one was behavioral (experiment one) and the other was brain mechanism (experiment two).The results of experiment 1 showed that there was no difference in the reaction time between self-faces and others' faces in the task of choosing reaction.The signal response time of self-faces was significantly faster than that of other faces.The inhibitory reaction time of self-face was significantly shorter than that of others under the condition of inhibiting success.This indicates that self-face processing is more impulsive and therefore requires greater inhibition efforts.In experiment 2, ERP technique was used to explore the brain mechanism of inhibition of self-face reaction. The results showed that there was no difference in the response time between self-faces and others' faces in the task of selecting responses.However, the amplitude of N2 waves induced by self-faces in the central frontal region was significantly lower than that of the faces of others, while in the parietal occipital region, the amplitude of P300 waves induced by self-faces was significantly larger than that of other faces.Self-inhibition of face success induces a larger negative-trending slow wave component in the central frontal region than that of others.Failure to suppress self-faces would induce a larger P300 amplitude in the central frontal region.In conclusion, the experiment proves that the self-faces are regulated by signal, and the self-faces are more impulsive under the condition of suppression failure, which induces a larger P300 amplitude.At the same time, it is also proved that the processing superiority of self-face affects the ability of response inhibition, and induces a larger negative trend of slow wave component, which indicates that self-face needs more inhibition effort and more cognitive resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1712030