本文選題：死亡焦慮　切入點：生命質(zhì)量　出處：《四川師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：死亡焦慮是一種期待或意識到死亡而體驗到害怕或焦慮的不舒適感覺,它包括情緒性、認知性、壓力與痛苦、時間意識成分,并且受發(fā)展階段和社會文化的影響。大量的研究顯示老年群體所體驗的死亡焦慮水平高于其他群體,老年人的死亡焦慮主要來自于由生命質(zhì)量急劇下降所導致的心態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變,而不是來自于對生命即將終結(jié)的擔憂或懼怕。研究一表明老年人生命質(zhì)量影響死亡焦慮的水平,生命質(zhì)量越高的老年人其死亡焦慮水平越低,反之則高,且特質(zhì)焦慮型人格在兩者關(guān)系之間起到部分中介的作用。研究二在研究一的基礎(chǔ)上對高生命質(zhì)量的老年人死亡焦慮的應(yīng)對方式進行探討,結(jié)果顯示:老年人采用內(nèi)外部的防御方式應(yīng)對死亡焦慮,其中對內(nèi)主要采用情緒應(yīng)對、轉(zhuǎn)換思維、悅活人生的方式,對外主要是人際聯(lián)結(jié)、養(yǎng)生、規(guī)劃生活。研究一采用世界衛(wèi)生組織生命質(zhì)量簡表(WHOQOL-BREF)、中文版死亡焦慮量表(C-TDAS)、狀態(tài)-特質(zhì)焦慮分量表(T-AI)調(diào)查325名老年人,探討老年人生命質(zhì)量、死亡焦慮和特質(zhì)焦慮型人格的關(guān)系。研究二在此基礎(chǔ)上對6名高生命質(zhì)量的老年人進行個別訪談:構(gòu)建老年人死亡焦慮應(yīng)對方式的基本理論框架。研究結(jié)果表明:1.老年人各維度下的死亡焦慮及死亡焦慮總體水平都較高,而生命質(zhì)量較低,且老年人普遍存在高估自身生命質(zhì)量的情況。2.死亡焦慮在性別、患病情況、行動能力和家庭摩擦方面差異顯著,其中女性死亡焦慮的水平顯著高于男性;患病老年人的死亡焦慮水平顯著高于未患病老年人;行動能力越差的老年人其死亡焦慮水平越高;受家庭摩擦影響越大的老年人其死亡焦水平越高。3.老年人各領(lǐng)域生命質(zhì)量在性別、患病情況、行動能力方面均存在顯著差異。其中男性四個領(lǐng)域的生命質(zhì)量均高于女性;未患病人群各領(lǐng)域生命質(zhì)量顯著高于患病人群;行動能力受限越嚴重的老年人其生命質(zhì)量越低;受家庭摩影響擦越大的老年人生命質(zhì)量越低。4.特質(zhì)焦慮型人格正向預測老年人死亡焦慮水平5.特質(zhì)焦慮型人格在死亡焦慮與主觀生命質(zhì)量之間具有部分中介作用。6.死亡焦慮和生命質(zhì)量之間存在顯著相關(guān),其中生理領(lǐng)域的生命質(zhì)量對死亡焦慮的影響最大。7.特質(zhì)焦慮型人格在死亡焦慮與生命質(zhì)量之間具有部分中介作用。
[Abstract]:Death anxiety is a kind of uncomfortable feeling that expects or realizes death and experiences fear or anxiety. It includes emotional, cognitive, stress and pain, time consciousness, and is influenced by stage of development and social culture.A large number of studies have shown that elderly people experience higher levels of death anxiety than other groups, and that death anxiety in the elderly comes mainly from a mental change caused by a sharp decline in the quality of life.Not from fear or fear that life is coming to an end.The first study shows that the quality of life affects the level of death anxiety, the higher the quality of life, the lower the level of death anxiety, and the higher the level of death anxiety, the higher the level of death anxiety, and trait anxiety personality plays a part of intermediary role in the relationship between the two.The second study discussed the coping style of death anxiety of the elderly with high quality of life on the basis of the first study. The results showed that the elderly adopted the internal and external defense to deal with the death anxiety, in which the internal and external emotional coping was mainly used.Change thinking, happy way of life, external is mainly interpersonal connection, health, planning life.In the first study, WHO quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREFFU), Chinese death anxiety scale (C-TDASA) and State-Trait anxiety scale (STI) were used to investigate the relationship between quality of life, death anxiety and trait anxiety personality in 325 elderly people.On the basis of this, six senior citizens with high quality of life were interviewed individually in the second study: to construct the basic theoretical framework of coping style of death anxiety in the elderly.The results of the study show that 1: 1.The overall level of death anxiety and death anxiety in the elderly is higher, but the quality of life is lower, and the elderly generally overestimate their own quality of life. 2.There were significant differences in sex, illness, mobility and family friction, among which the level of death anxiety of female was significantly higher than that of male, the level of death anxiety of the elderly with disease was significantly higher than that of the elderly without disease.The higher the level of death anxiety was, the higher the level of death focus was, and the higher the level of death focus was, the higher the family friction was, the higher the level of death anxiety was.There were significant differences in quality of life in gender, disease and mobility.The quality of life in the four areas of male was higher than that in female; the quality of life in all areas of non-sick population was significantly higher than that of sick population; the lower the quality of life of the elderly with severe mobility limitation was;The older the family friction, the lower the quality of life.The trait anxiety type personality positively predicts the death anxiety level of the elderly 5. 5%.Trait anxiety type personality has partial mediating effect between death anxiety and subjective quality of life. 6.There was a significant correlation between death anxiety and quality of life, in which the quality of life in physiological field had the greatest influence on death anxiety.Trait anxiety personality plays an intermediary role between death anxiety and quality of life.
【學位授予單位】：四川師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B844.4

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