本文選題：主觀信心　切入點：自我一致　出處：《西南大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：人們在給出問題的答案之后,往往需要評估其答案的正確性,這時候會涉及回答者的主觀信心。主觀信心的自我一致模型認為,主觀信心是一種元認知,類似于知道感,不同的是,知道感是一種前瞻性的信心評估,而主觀信心則是一種回溯性的信心評估；對某個項目的答案信心評級越高,以后對該項目做出相同答案的可能性(重復率)就越高。 主觀信心與項目一致性、項目共識和選擇潛伏期密切相關。項目一致性即被試內一致性�？傮w上,主觀信心與項目一致性呈正相關,與正確率的關系分三種情況：當一致性的答案是正確的時,主觀信心與正確率呈正相關；當一致性的答案是錯誤的時,二者呈負相關：當一致性傾向不明顯時(在二選一的實驗任務中,對兩個選項的選擇次數(shù)相當),主觀信心與正確率相關很低或者不相關。項目共識即被試間共識�？傮w上,主觀信心均值與共識呈正相關,與正確率的關系也分三種情況：當共識的答案是正確的時,主觀信心與正確率呈正相關；當共識的答案是錯誤的時,二者呈負相關；當共識傾向不明顯時(在二選一的實驗任務中,對兩個選項的選擇次數(shù)相當),主觀信心與正確率相關很低或者不相關。選擇潛伏期即反應時。總體上,選擇潛伏期與主觀信心、項目一致性、項目共識呈負相關。 時間知覺包括時距知覺和時序知覺。時間概念往往是由空間概念隱喻而來的,而自我一致模型在多個領域中(包括空間知覺)得到了驗證,那么,在時間知覺中是否適用呢?本文擬對此問題進行探討,包括兩個實驗。 實驗一采用時距比較任務,探討被試對1s左右的實時距(880ms、920ms、960ms、1040ms、1080ms、1120ms)長短的知覺。結果表明：(1) blockl中對某個項目的信心評級和反應時等級都與隨后對該項目的反應(重復率)相關不顯著。(2)信心與項目一致性相關不顯著,反應時與項目一致性相關也不顯著。(3)對于一致正確和一致錯誤項目,都是正確答案的信心顯著高于錯誤答案的信心,答案的信心與其正確性呈顯著正相關。(4)共識反應的信心顯著高于不共識反應的信心,共識反應的反應時短于不共識反應的反應時但不顯著。(5)對于正確共識項目,正確答案的信心顯著高于錯誤答案的信心,在該類項目中,信心與正確性呈顯著正相關。 實驗二采用時序比較任務,探討被試對時序(先或后30ms、40ms、50ms)的知覺。結果表明：(1) blockl的信心評級與重復率相關顯著,blockl的反應時等級與重復率相關不顯著。(2)信心與項目一致性呈顯著正相關,反應時與項目一致性呈顯著負相關,一致(多數(shù))反應的信心顯著高于不一致(少數(shù))反應的信心,一致反應的反應時短于不一致反應的反應時但不顯著。(3)對于一致正確項目,正確答案的信心顯著高于錯誤答案的信心,信心與正確性呈正相關；對于一致錯誤項目,錯誤答案的信心高于正確答案的信心但不顯著。對于一致正確項目,正確答案的反應時比錯誤答案的反應時要短,而對于一致錯誤項目,錯誤答案的反應時比正確答案的反應時要短,但差異都不顯著。(4)共識反應的信心顯著高于不共識反應的信心；共識反應的反應時短于不共識反應的反應時,但差異不顯著。(5)在反應時中,正確性的主效應顯著；對于正確共識項目,正確答案的反應時短于錯誤答案的反應時,但差異不顯著；而對于錯誤共識項目,正確答案的反應時顯著短于錯誤答案的反應時。 綜上所述,本研究得出以下結論： (1)在時序知覺中,blockl的信心評級與重復率相關顯著,而在時距知覺中二者相關不顯著。 (2)在時序知覺中,信心與項目一致性呈顯著正相關,反應時與項目一致性呈顯著負相關；而在時距知覺中信心、反應時與項目一致性相關都不顯著。 (3)在時距知覺和時序知覺中,對于一致正確項目,正確答案的信心顯著高于錯誤答案的信心,在該類項目中信心與正確性顯著正相關。 (4)在時距知覺和時序知覺中,共識(多數(shù))反應的信心顯著高于不共識(少數(shù))反應的信心,共識反應的反應時短于不共識反應的反應時但差異不顯著。 (5)在時距知覺中,對于正確共識項目,正確答案的信心顯著高于錯誤答案的信心,信心與正確性呈顯著正相關,而在時序知覺中則不然。 (6)主觀信心的自我一致模型在時間知覺中不完全成立,而且在時序知覺和時距知覺中的結果也不同。
[Abstract]:After people answer the question correctly, often need to evaluate the answer, this time will involve subjective confidence. Respondents believed that self consistent model of subjective confidence, subjective confidence is a kind of cognitive, similar to what the feeling is different, that sense is a forward-looking assessment of confidence, and the subjective confidence is the confidence of a retrospective evaluation of a project; answer confidence rating is high, after the possibility to make the same answer to the project (repetition rate) is higher.
The subjective confidence and consistency of the project, project selection and consensus are closely related. The consistency of project incubation was in consistency. On the whole, the consistency of subjective confidence was positively associated with the project, and the correct rate of the three situations: when the consistent answer is correct, positive subjective confidence and accuracy related; when the consistency of the answer is wrong, the two were negatively correlated: when the consistency tendency is not obvious (in one of two experimental tasks, the two choices for the number of times), subjective confidence and accuracy is very low. Related or not related to the project agreement between subjects of consensus. Overall, positive subjective confidence and consensus correlation relationship with the mean, the correct rate is also divided into three situations: when the consensus answer is correct, positive subjective confidence and accuracy; when the consensus answer is wrong, negatively related to two; when consensus When the tendency is not obvious (in one of two experimental tasks, the two choices for the number of times), subjective confidence and accuracy related or not related to very low latency. Choice reaction time. In general, selection of latency and subjective confidence, project consistency, negatively related to project agreement.
Time perception including duration perception and perception. The concept of time sequence is often from the spatial metaphor to the self consistent model in many fields (including space perception) has been verified, so it is applicable in time perception? This paper intends to discuss this issue, including two experiments.
Using the time comparison experiment was conducted to investigate the real-time tasks, from about 1s (880ms, 920ms, 960ms, 1040ms, 1080ms, 1120ms) the length of perception. The results showed that: (1) the blockl of a project on the confidence rating and response level of the project and the subsequent reaction (repetition rate no significant correlation). (2) the consistency of confidence associated with the project is not significant, reaction time and project consistency is not significant. (3) for correct and consistent error, is the correct answer to the confidence is significantly higher than that of a false answer confidence, showed a significant positive correlation with confidence. The correct answer (4) consensus reaction confidence was significantly higher than that of consensus reaction confidence, consensus reaction time is shorter than the reaction time of no consensus but not significant. (5) for the correct consensus project, the correct answer to the confidence is significantly higher than that of wrong answers to the confidence in the project, confidence and positive There is a significant positive correlation between accuracy and accuracy.
Experiment two used sequence comparison task, was conducted to investigate the timing (before or after 30ms, 40ms, 50ms) perception. The results showed that: (1) blockl confidence rating and repetition rate were significantly related to blockl, the response level and repetition rate is not significantly correlated. (2) was significantly positively related to consistency and confidence the project, reaction time and project consistency was negatively correlated, consistent (most) reaction confidence was significantly higher than that of consistent (minority) reaction confidence, consistent reaction time is shorter than the reaction time inconsistent but not significant. (3) for the right project, the right answer confidence was significantly higher than that of the wrong answer confidence, confidence and correct errors for positive; wrong answers to the project, confidence is higher than the correct answer but confidence is not significant. For the right project, the right answer response than wrong answers to the reaction time is shorter, and for errors The project, wrong answer response than the correct answer to short reaction time, but the difference is not significant. (4) the consensus reaction confidence was significantly higher than that of consensus reaction confidence; consensus reaction time is shorter than the non consensus reaction, but the difference was not significant. (5) in the reaction time. The main effect of correctness is significant; for the correct consensus project, the correct answer to the wrong answer, short reaction time reaction, but the difference was not significant; but for the wrong consensus projects, the correct answer to the reaction time was significantly shorter in the wrong answers to the reaction time.
To sum up, this study draws the following conclusions:
(1) in timing perception, the confidence rating of blockl has a significant correlation with the repetition rate, but there is no significant correlation between the two of the time distance perception.
(2) in temporal perception, confidence is positively correlated with item consistency. There is a significant negative correlation between reaction time and item consistency. However, there is no significant correlation between confidence and reaction time and item consistency in temporal perception.
(3) in temporal perception and temporal perception, the confidence of correct answers is significantly higher than that of wrong answers. In such projects, confidence is positively correlated with correctness.
(4) in temporal perception and temporal perception, the confidence of consensus (majority) is significantly higher than that of non consensus (minority) reaction. The response time of consensus response is shorter than that of non consensus reaction, but the difference is not significant.
(5) in temporal perception, the confidence of the correct answer is significantly higher than that of the wrong answer for the correct consensus items, and confidence is positively correlated with correctness, but not in temporal perception.
(6) the self consistency model of subjective confidence is not completely established in time perception, and the results in temporal perception and temporal perception are also different.

【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1690130