本文選題：記憶　切入點(diǎn)：生存　出處：《西北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：2007年,美國學(xué)者Nairne在進(jìn)化心理學(xué)的功能分析視角下,首先提出了記憶的生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì),即從生存角度出發(fā)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行編碼和學(xué)習(xí),能夠取得更好的記憶效果。后來的很多學(xué)者對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證和進(jìn)一步的研究,證明生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì)不能用任何已知的經(jīng)典加工機(jī)制進(jìn)行解釋,是記憶系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)獨(dú)特而強(qiáng)大的功能優(yōu)勢(shì)。 本文在對(duì)已有相關(guān)研究進(jìn)行總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了四個(gè)可以進(jìn)一步研究的問題,即記憶提取階段的生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì)問題；本身即具有高生存效價(jià)的信息的記憶優(yōu)勢(shì)問題；短時(shí)信息加工的生存優(yōu)勢(shì)問題和中央執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)的生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì)問題。 本文以西北大學(xué)大一和大二的學(xué)生為被試,對(duì)上述問題進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。第一個(gè)問題采用單因素兩水平的被試間設(shè)計(jì),考查生存情境下被試的提取效果是否優(yōu)于對(duì)照情境；第二個(gè)問題采用單因素三水平的被試內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì),考查被試對(duì)遠(yuǎn)古生存相關(guān)詞和現(xiàn)代生存相關(guān)詞的記憶成績是否高于生存無關(guān)詞：第三個(gè)問題采用單因素兩水平的被試間設(shè)計(jì),考查生存情境下的被試在短時(shí)編碼中取得的記憶效果是否好于對(duì)照情境；第四個(gè)問題通過抑制、轉(zhuǎn)換和刷新三個(gè)子實(shí)驗(yàn),考查生存情境下的被試實(shí)現(xiàn)中央執(zhí)行功能的效率是否高于對(duì)照情境。其中,抑制和轉(zhuǎn)換實(shí)驗(yàn)均為2(生存情境、對(duì)照情境)*2(同向線索、反向線索；不轉(zhuǎn)換、轉(zhuǎn)換)的混合設(shè)計(jì),刷新實(shí)驗(yàn)為2(生存情境、對(duì)照情境)*3(刷新0次、刷新1次、刷新3次)的混合設(shè)計(jì)。 通過研究結(jié)果,得出如下結(jié)論： 第一,在相同的編碼任務(wù)和無差異的反應(yīng)時(shí)造成的相似的存儲(chǔ)效果下,記憶的提取階段表現(xiàn)出了生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì)。 第二,記憶系統(tǒng)對(duì)遠(yuǎn)古生存相關(guān)詞和現(xiàn)代生存相關(guān)詞具有直接的記憶優(yōu)勢(shì)。 第三,短時(shí)加工和中央執(zhí)行系統(tǒng)不具有生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì),生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì)主要體現(xiàn)在長時(shí)記憶而非短時(shí)或工作記憶中。 第四,生存加工優(yōu)勢(shì)體現(xiàn)在記憶系統(tǒng)的整體機(jī)能而非部分機(jī)能中。
[Abstract]:In 2007, from the perspective of evolutionary psychology, American scholar Nairne first proposed the advantages of memory survival processing, that is, encoding and learning information from the perspective of survival. Many later scholars verified and further studied this phenomenon, proving that the advantages of survival processing could not be explained by any known classical processing mechanism. It is a unique and powerful functional advantage of memory system. On the basis of summarizing the existing research, this paper puts forward four problems that can be further studied, namely, the survival processing advantage problem in memory extraction stage, the memory advantage problem of information with high survival efficiency, and the memory advantage problem of information with high survival efficiency. The survival advantage of short-time information processing and the survival-processing advantage of central executive system. This paper takes the freshmen and sophomores of Northwestern University as the subjects to make an empirical study on the above questions. The first question is designed with single factor and two levels to examine whether the extraction effect of the subjects in the survival situation is better than that in the control situation. The second question was designed with single factor and three levels, and the results of memory of ancient survival related words and modern survival related words were higher than those of survival unrelated words. The third question was designed between subjects with single factor and two levels. In order to find out whether the memory effect of the subjects in the survival situation was better than that in the control situation, the fourth question was tested by restraining, converting and refreshing three sub-experiments. In order to find out whether the efficiency of central executive function in survival situation was higher than that in control situation, the inhibition and conversion experiments were all 2 (survival situation, contrast situation, reverse clue; no conversion, conversion). The refresh experiment was a mixed design of 2 (survival situation, control situation) (refresh 0 times, refresh 1 time, refresh 3 times). Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions are drawn:. First, under the same coding task and the similar storage effect caused by the same response time, the memory extraction stage shows the advantage of survival processing. Second, memory system has direct memory advantages for ancient existential related words and modern existential related words. Third, short time processing and central execution system do not have survival processing advantages, survival processing advantages are mainly reflected in long term memory, not short term or working memory. Fourth, survival and processing advantages are embodied in the overall function of the memory system rather than in the partial function.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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本文編號(hào)：1680887