本文選題：工作記憶廣度　切入點：認知負荷　出處：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟的不斷發(fā)展，我國綜合國力的提高，全民健身走進了人們的視野，受到了社會各界的關注和支持。在大力推廣全民健身的同時，增強人民體質(zhì)與健康的科學研究及技術的開發(fā)成為了工作重點。運動對人的各方面的影響受到了越來越多的學科關注�，F(xiàn)如今人們對健康的定義已不僅僅局限于身體健康，而是更多的提倡身心健康。身體與心理的關系是息息相關，密不可分的。體育鍛煉對人的身心健康有著積極的作用。關于體育鍛煉的研究領域越來越多樣化。近年來，運動對心理活動的影響的相關研究走進人們的視線。運動與認知的關系研究受到越來越多的心理學學者的關注。大多數(shù)研究顯示出了運動對認知、情緒、情感等方面的積極促進作用，但是很少有運動與工作記憶之間的量化研究。工作記憶與認知負荷的相關研究很多，但是運動對工作記憶的影響研究很少，且量化不夠嚴格，結論并不一致。現(xiàn)有的研究，大多集中于情緒與運動關系的研究，還有運動以及運動對老年人認知功能衰退有緩解作用等方面，對于運動對認知功能的影響研究還是比較少的，且最終的實驗結果不一，對于運動對工作記憶的影響研究的就更是少之又少。因此，基于以上所述，本研究中將嘗試著進行運動和工作記憶之間的關系的實驗探究。本文基于前人的研究，在運動促進認知的框架下，采用了連續(xù)運算廣度任務和de-de-de廣度任務范式，即考察了在不同認知負荷條件下，加入運動處理之后的工作記憶廣度的變化。 本研究以大學生為被試，隨機選取了內(nèi)蒙古師范大學體育學院本科生65名（其中5名被試的數(shù)據(jù)無效），隨機分為六組，其中兩組為對照組，分別為高負荷對照組和低負荷對照組，其余均為實驗組——中等強度-高負荷組、中等強度-低負荷組、小強度-高負荷組和小強度-低負荷組。所有被試均先進行工作記憶廣度的前測，之后對照組休息，實驗組進行相應強度的運動，時間為20分鐘。在本研究中，選取心率作為衡量和監(jiān)測運動強度的標準，以運動心率為150~160次/分鐘為中等強度的運動，以運動心率為120~130次/分鐘為小強度運動。運動以被試心率達到要求區(qū)間開始計時，運動15分鐘左右。之后回到實驗室，再次進行工作記憶廣度的測試。研究表明： 第一，通過運動處理后，實驗組被試前后測成績差優(yōu)于對照組前后測成績差，且差異顯著；方差分析結果顯示運動強度的主效應顯著。表明運動對工作記憶廣度有促進的作用。 第二，中等強度的運動無論是在高認知負荷組還是在低認知負荷組的成績都顯著優(yōu)于小強度運動組的成績。結果說明了中等強度的運動較小強度的運動對工作記憶廣度有更大的促進作用。 第三，認知負荷對工作記憶廣度的主效應顯著，則說明任務的難易程度對工作記憶有顯著影響。任務難度越大，，越復雜，工作記憶廣度越差。 第四，對認知負荷和運動強度進行的方差分析顯示運動強度與認知負荷的交互作用不顯著，也就是說二者之間沒有交互作用。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of economy, China's comprehensive national strength, fitness into people's vision, has been the community's concern and support. In the promotion of the national fitness at the same time, enhance the people's physique and the health development of science and technology become the focus of the work. The effects of exercise on all aspects of human being more and more academic attention. Nowadays people definition of health is not limited to physical health, but more to promote physical and mental health. The relationship between the body and the mind are inseparable. Physical exercise is closely related to people's health. It has positive effects on physical exercise field more and more diversified in recent years. The related research, the effects of exercise on psychological activities into people's sight. Study on the relationship between exercise and cognitive psychology by scholars more and more attention of most. Research shows exercise on cognitive, emotional, emotional and other aspects of the positive role, but there are few quantitative research between sport and working memory. A lot of research work related to memory and cognitive load, but the effect of exercise on working memory research is very few, and quantization is not strict, conclusions are not consistent. The existing research, research focused on the relationship between emotion and exercise, and exercise and have effects on the elderly cognitive function decline, the effect of exercise on cognitive function research is still relatively small, and the final experimental results for a study on the effect of exercise on working memory is more less. Therefore, based on the above, this study will try to explore the relationship between exercise and working memory experiment. This paper based on previous studies, in the framework of the movement to promote cognition,. We used the continuous computing breadth task and the de-de-de breadth task paradigm, that is, we investigated the changes of working memory in different cognitive load conditions.
In this study, college students as the subjects, randomly selected 65 undergraduate students of Inner Mongolia Normal University Institute of Physical Education (including 5 subjects invalid data), were randomly divided into six groups, the two group was the control group, the control group were high load and low load control group, others were experimental group, moderate intensity and high load group, moderate - small - strength low load group, high load group and low strength low load group. All subjects are the first working memory span tests before and after the rest of the experimental group control group, the corresponding intensity exercise time is 20 minutes. In this study, selected as a measure of heart rate and the monitoring exercise intensity standard, to exercise heart rate 150~160 times / min for moderate intensity exercise, to exercise heart rate 120~130 times / min for low intensity exercise. Exercise heart rate were required to start time interval, 15 minutes left and right after returning to the real. In the laboratory, the work memory span test was carried out again.
First, after exercise treatment, the scores of the experimental group were better than those of the control group, and the difference between them was significant. The results of variance analysis showed that the main effect of exercise intensity was significant. It indicated that exercise had a promoting effect on working memory span.
Second, the performance of moderate intensity exercise, whether in high cognitive load group or low cognitive load group, is significantly better than that in low intensity exercise group. The result shows that moderate intensity exercise and less intensity exercise have a greater effect on working memory span.
Third, the main effect of cognitive load on working memory span is significant, which indicates that the difficulty degree of task has a significant effect on working memory. The more difficult task is, the more complex the working memory is, the worse the working memory span is.
Fourth, the variance analysis of cognitive load and exercise intensity shows that the interaction between exercise intensity and cognitive load is not significant, that is to say, there is no interaction between the two.

【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.3

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相關期刊論文 前2條

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