本文選題：歸類　切入點(diǎn)：因果知識(shí)　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究欲探討本質(zhì)特征在歸類中的作用及特征間因果關(guān)系對(duì)本質(zhì)特征作用的調(diào)節(jié)作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)1比較被試對(duì)包含本質(zhì)特征和非本質(zhì)特征的動(dòng)物個(gè)體的歸類判斷結(jié)果,探討不同類別特征在歸類中的作用；實(shí)驗(yàn)2比較被試的本質(zhì)特征判斷和歸類充分性、必要性判斷結(jié)果,更全面深入地探討本質(zhì)特征和非本質(zhì)特征在歸類中作用大小差異；實(shí)驗(yàn)3針對(duì)前兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的不足比較有無特征間因果關(guān)系提示條件下被試的歸類結(jié)果,探討特征間因果關(guān)系對(duì)本質(zhì)特征作用的影響和調(diào)節(jié)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)：第一,和非本質(zhì)特征相比,家族來源、內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和基因系統(tǒng)特征的本質(zhì)特征判斷和歸類充分性、必要性判斷得分高,在歸類中作用大；第二,基因系統(tǒng)特征的本質(zhì)特征判斷和歸類充分性必要性得分顯著高于家族來源和內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)特征,在無因果關(guān)系提示時(shí),基因系統(tǒng)特征是被試進(jìn)行歸類的決定性特征,是最本質(zhì)化的特征；第三,對(duì)被試本質(zhì)特征判斷結(jié)果和歸類充分性、必要性判斷進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),本質(zhì)特征判斷結(jié)果和歸類充分性必要性判斷結(jié)果三者之間沒有顯著差異,三者是相互一致的,因而用充分必要性表征類別特征在歸類中的作用是可行的；第四,特征間因果關(guān)系提示的有無影響本質(zhì)特征在歸類中的作用,在有因果關(guān)系圖解和因果關(guān)系產(chǎn)生條件下,基因特征的歸類權(quán)重有所下降,同時(shí)家族來源特征的歸類權(quán)重有所增加；第五,在有因果關(guān)系提示時(shí),因果知識(shí)影響歸類的三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)效應(yīng)(因果一致性效應(yīng)、因果位置效應(yīng)和關(guān)系中心效應(yīng))在實(shí)驗(yàn)中均有所體現(xiàn),并在成人被試中首次發(fā)現(xiàn)了關(guān)系中心效應(yīng)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明本質(zhì)特征和特征間因果關(guān)系都在歸類中有一定的作用,影響歸類結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to explore the role of essential characteristics in classification and the effect of causality between characteristics on essential characteristics. Experiment 1 compared the results of classification of animal individuals with both essential and non-essential characteristics. In experiment 2, we compared the results of essential feature judgment and classification adequacy, necessity judgment, and discussed the difference between essential feature and non-essential feature in classification. According to the deficiency of the former two experiments, the effect and regulation of the causality between the characteristics on the essential characteristics were discussed in the third experiment, according to the classification results of the subjects under the condition of whether or not there was a causal relationship between the characteristics. The experimental results show that: first, compared with the non-essential characteristics, the essential characteristics of family origin, internal structure and gene system are sufficiently judged and classified, and the necessity judgment has a higher score and plays a greater role in classification. The essential characteristics of gene system and the necessity of classification adequacy score were significantly higher than those of family origin and internal structural characteristics. When there was no causal relationship, gene system characteristics were the decisive characteristics of classification. Third, by analyzing the results of judging essential characteristics and the adequacy of classification and necessity, we find that there is no significant difference between the results of essential feature judgment and the result of categorization adequacy judgment, and the analysis of necessity judgment shows that there is no significant difference between the results of essential feature judgment and that of categorization adequacy. They are consistent with each other, so it is feasible to use sufficient necessity to characterize the role of category features in classification; fourth, whether the causal relationship between features has any effect on the role of essential features in classification. Under the condition of causality diagram and causality, the weight of genetic characteristics decreased, and the weight of family origin increased. Fifth, when there was causality, The three experimental effects (causality consistency effect, causal position effect and relationship center effect) classified by causality knowledge influence were all reflected in the experiment, and the relationship center effect was found in adult subjects for the first time. The experimental results show that the causal relationship between the essential characteristics and the characteristics plays a role in the classification, which affects the classification results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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