本文選題：心理疲勞　切入點：選擇性注意　出處：《西安體育學(xué)院》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在人們經(jīng)歷一段長時間的需要大腦認(rèn)知參與的活動后,往往會感覺到心理或認(rèn)知上的疲憊,從而行為表現(xiàn)水平下降,并且堅持完成正在著手處理的工作的動機減弱。在產(chǎn)生心理疲勞后,往往伴隨著更多的工作錯誤。心理疲勞對日常工作生活的影響經(jīng)常發(fā)生在無形之中。 國內(nèi)的心理疲勞研究起步較晚,早期關(guān)于心理疲勞的研究較少,起初多是一些關(guān)于國外心理疲勞研究狀況的總結(jié)和分析。在90年代以后心理疲勞的研究才逐步受到重視。隨著認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)和生理心理學(xué)的發(fā)展和心理疲勞研究的逐步深入,更多的生理指標(biāo)也用來檢測心理疲勞的程度,包括：心率(HR)、心率變異性(HRV)、腦電圖(EEG)、事件相關(guān)電位(ERP)、呼吸率(RR)、眨眼、瞳孔直徑、肌電、皮膚電阻、體溫等。 選擇性注意是目前現(xiàn)代認(rèn)知心理學(xué)和認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究最充分的領(lǐng)域之一,有關(guān)選擇性注意抑制能力的研究始終處于認(rèn)知心理學(xué)研究的活躍地位,常見的注意抑制的研究范式主要包括運動反應(yīng)抑制和干擾控制。 ERP是反映信息加工活動的敏感而有意義的指標(biāo),在認(rèn)知心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域和臨床都得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。ERP反映了認(rèn)知過程中大腦的神經(jīng)電生理的變化,也就是指當(dāng)人們對某刺激進行認(rèn)知加工時,從頭顱表面記錄到的腦電位,ERP是基于腦電提取的。隨著計算機技術(shù)的進步,事件相關(guān)電位的應(yīng)用也越來越廣泛,尤其是在與認(rèn)知相關(guān)的腦研究中,ERP和核磁共振成像(FMRI)技術(shù)發(fā)揮著日益重要的作用。 那么,心理疲勞對選擇性注意影響的特點如何?已有研究表明了選擇性注意的促進和抑制加工的神經(jīng)機制不同,那么心理疲勞對這兩種加工機制的影響是否一致?另外,心理疲勞對選擇性注意抑制能力的影響是由特定的抑制本身決定,還是具有普遍性,需要進一步的研究證明。 在以上的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究提出以下假設(shè)： 1、長時間的選擇性注意任務(wù),能夠誘發(fā)出被試的心理疲勞,從而導(dǎo)致被試的抵觸情緒增強,不愿繼續(xù)進行實驗的水平升高。2、心理疲勞對選擇性注意的行為反應(yīng)表現(xiàn)造成影響,被試發(fā)生反應(yīng)時間延長,反應(yīng)正確率下降等。3、心理疲勞會對選擇性注意的早期成分造成影響,隨著任務(wù)時間的增長,心理疲勞的產(chǎn)生,會使P1、N1的振幅和波形會發(fā)生一定程度的變化。4、P300是心理疲勞產(chǎn)生的關(guān)鍵性指標(biāo),在疲勞產(chǎn)生前后,選擇性注意任務(wù)的P300振幅會發(fā)生顯著變化。 為評估心理疲勞對選擇性注意的影響,本研究通過實驗法在實驗室環(huán)境下呈現(xiàn)1.5小時的選擇性注意任務(wù),誘發(fā)心理疲勞。記錄被試的主觀疲勞程度,反應(yīng)指標(biāo)和事件相關(guān)電位(ERP)經(jīng)過統(tǒng)計分析得到以下結(jié)論： 1、被試疲勞等級隨任務(wù)持續(xù)時間增長,可以認(rèn)為約1.5小時的認(rèn)知任務(wù)成功的誘發(fā)出了心理疲勞。 2、反應(yīng)時間延長,反應(yīng)正確率下降,表明疲勞被試的完成效率下降。 3、P1的振幅在持續(xù)任務(wù)中的變化并未達到統(tǒng)計學(xué)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),N1的振幅隨持續(xù)任務(wù)顯著下降,但是不受刺激類型的影響。 4、P300的振幅在持續(xù)任務(wù)中下降。在沒有誘發(fā)疲勞前兼容和不兼容刺激的振幅沒有顯著差異,隨著任務(wù)持續(xù)進行,不兼容刺激的P300振幅下降速度慢于兼容刺激,這可能和伴隨任務(wù)持續(xù)時間的工作記憶能力的下降有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:People in a long time to cognitive activities, often feel psychological or cognitive fatigue, and behavior level, and adhere to the completion of the work is in the hands of the motivation. In psychological fatigue, often accompanied by more error. Effect of mental fatigue on the daily work life often happens in the invisible.
The domestic research started late early research on mental fatigue, mental fatigue is much less, at first about the study on the status quo of psychological fatigue abroad summarized and analyzed. On the 90s after mental fatigue was gradually taken seriously. With the development of cognitive neuroscience and mental fatigue and physiological psychology gradually thorough, physiological index more to detect mental fatigue degree, including heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), electroencephalogram (EEG), event-related potential (ERP), respiratory rate (RR), the blink of an eye, pupil diameter, EMG, skin resistance, temperature and so on.
Selective attention is currently one of the fields of modern cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience research most fully, the selective attention in the field of cognitive psychology active status has research on inhibition ability, common attention inhibition paradigm mainly includes motor response suppression and interference control.
ERP is a reflection of the information processing of the sensitive and meaningful indicator in the field of cognitive psychology and clinical application of.ERP have been widely reflects the change of electrophysiological brain cognitive process, is that when people are in a cognitive stimulation, brain potentials recorded from the surface of the skull, ERP based on EEG extraction. With the development of computer technology, the application of event related potentials are more and more widely, especially in the study of brain and cognition related, ERP and magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) technology plays an increasingly important role.
So, how to influence the mental fatigue on selective attention characteristics? Studies have shown that the selective attention for the promotion and inhibition processing of different neural mechanisms, then the effect of mental fatigue on the two kinds of processing mechanism are consistent? In addition, pay attention to the impact of mental fatigue on selective suppression is determined by the specific inhibition of itself, or is generally, further research is needed to prove.
On the basis of the above, this study proposes the following hypotheses:
1 long time, selective attention tasks, can induce mental fatigue of subjects, resulting in subjects resistance enhancement, elevated levels of.2 to continue the experiments, mental fatigue impact on the behavior of selective attention, the subjects reaction time prolonged, the correct response rate decreased.3, mental fatigue impact on the early component of selective attention, with the task of increasing time of mental fatigue, will make P1, changes of.4 amplitude and waveform of N1 will happen to a certain extent, P300 is a key index of mental fatigue, and fatigue in P300, the amplitude of the selective attention task will be significantly changed.
In order to evaluate the mental fatigue effect on selective attention, this study through the experiment in the laboratory environment has 1.5 hours of selective attention task, induced psychological fatigue. Subjects were recorded the subjective fatigue degree, reaction index and event-related potentials (ERP) after statistical analysis the following conclusions:
1, the fatigue level of the subjects increased with the duration of the task, and it was considered that the cognitive task of about 1.5 hours had induced psychological fatigue.
2, the reaction time was prolonged and the correct rate of the reaction decreased, indicating that the completion efficiency of the fatigue test was decreased.
3, the amplitude of P1's amplitude in the continuous task did not reach the standard of statistics, and the amplitude of N1 decreased significantly with the continuous task, but was not affected by the type of stimulation.
4, the amplitude of P300 decreased in the last task. In the absence of induced fatigue before there is no significant difference between compatible and amplitude incompatible stimuli, as the task continues, is not compatible with the amplitude of P300 stimulation decreased more slowly than compatible stimulation, this may be related to decreased with the duration of the task of working memory capacity.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1617250