本文選題：動(dòng)機(jī)趨近　切入點(diǎn)：積極情緒　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近二十年以來(lái),心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究者對(duì)于積極情緒如何影響認(rèn)知這一課題傾注了大量的研究熱情。大量研究驗(yàn)證了積極情緒狀態(tài)對(duì)認(rèn)知的影響,研究表明積極情緒對(duì)于注意范圍、記憶和認(rèn)知分類(lèi)等各項(xiàng)認(rèn)知活動(dòng)具有促進(jìn)作用(Fredrickson,2001)。但是Gable和Harmon-Jones(2010a)提出情緒的動(dòng)機(jī)趨近維度模型,這一理論模型認(rèn)為情緒除了喚醒度和愉悅度之外,還有動(dòng)機(jī)趨近維度這一重要的維度,并進(jìn)一步提出積極情緒并不是只有一種認(rèn)知影響的單一結(jié)構(gòu),積極情緒的動(dòng)機(jī)趨近強(qiáng)度不同,積極情緒對(duì)于認(rèn)知的影響就會(huì)不同。根據(jù)這一模型,只有低動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒可以擴(kuò)展認(rèn)知過(guò)程,而高動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒則會(huì)窄化認(rèn)知過(guò)程。與這一理論模型的觀點(diǎn)相一致,已有研究者考察了不同動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒對(duì)于注意范圍(GableHarmon-Jones,2008)、認(rèn)知分類(lèi)(PriceHarmon-Jones,2010)以及認(rèn)知控制(劉亞,2012)等均有不同的影響。本研究的創(chuàng)新之處就在于在動(dòng)機(jī)趨近維度層面考察了積極情緒對(duì)于言語(yǔ)和空間工作記憶的影響。 本研究中實(shí)驗(yàn)一,采用3(情緒條件：中性情緒、高趨近積極情緒、低趨近積極情緒)×2(任務(wù)負(fù)荷：高、低)被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),即情緒條件和任務(wù)負(fù)荷均為被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)變量,51名大學(xué)生參與了本次實(shí)驗(yàn),考察了不同動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒對(duì)于言語(yǔ)工作記憶的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)一的研究結(jié)果表明在言語(yǔ)工作記憶的延遲匹配任務(wù)中,低動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒狀態(tài)下被試的正確率提高；而高動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒狀態(tài)下,被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)加快,但正確率降低。 本研究中實(shí)驗(yàn)二,采用3(情緒條件：中性、高趨近積極情緒、低趨近積極情緒)×2(任務(wù)負(fù)荷：高、低)被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),即情緒條件和任務(wù)負(fù)荷均為被試內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)變量,52名大學(xué)生參與了本次實(shí)驗(yàn),考察了考察了不同動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒對(duì)于空間工作記憶的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)二的研究結(jié)果表明在空間工作記憶的延遲匹配任務(wù)中,高、低動(dòng)機(jī)趨近積極情緒狀態(tài)下,被試的反應(yīng)時(shí)都變慢,正確率也都降低。 以上的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明積極情緒的動(dòng)機(jī)趨近維度不同,其對(duì)于認(rèn)知的擴(kuò)展或者窄化的作用也不同,這一理論不僅適用于注意等基礎(chǔ)的認(rèn)知過(guò)程,同樣也適用于工作記憶這一高級(jí)的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。從一定程度上講,本研究的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果為Gable和Harmon-Jones(2010a)動(dòng)機(jī)維度模型提供了工作記憶這一非常重要和關(guān)鍵的認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的證據(jù),在一定程度上延伸了動(dòng)機(jī)維度模型理論。
[Abstract]:Over the past two decades, researchers in the field of psychology have devoted a great deal of enthusiasm to the study of how positive emotions affect cognition. A large number of studies have verified the effects of positive emotional states on cognition. The study shows that positive emotion can promote cognitive activities such as attention range, memory and cognitive classification. However, Gable and Harmon-Jones-2010a) put forward a model of motivation approach to emotion, which suggests that emotion is in addition to arousal and pleasure. There is also an important dimension of motivation approaching dimension, and it is further pointed out that positive emotion is not only a single structure of cognitive influence, but the intensity of positive emotion approach is different. According to this model, only low motivational approaches to positive emotions can expand the cognitive process, while high motivational approaches to positive emotions narrow the cognitive process. Researchers have examined the different effects of different motivational approaches to positive emotions on the range of attention: GableHarmon-Jones2008, cognitive classification PriceHarmon-Jones-2010) and cognitive control (Liu Ya / 2012). The innovation of this study lies in the study of motivation approaching dimension. The effects of positive emotions on speech and spatial working memory were observed. In the first experiment, 3 (emotional condition: neutral emotion, high approaching positive emotion, low approaching positive emotion) 脳 2 (task load: high, low) were used. That is to say, the emotional condition and task load were the variables of 51 college students participating in the experiment. The effects of different motivational approaches to positive emotions on verbal working memory were investigated. The results of experiment 1 showed that the correct rate of subjects with low motivation approaching to positive emotion increased in the delayed matching task of verbal working memory. However, in the state of high motivation towards positive emotion, the reaction time was quickened, but the correct rate was decreased. In the second experiment, 3 (emotional condition: neutral, high approaching positive emotion, low approaching positive emotion) 脳 2 (task load: high, low) were used. That is to say, 52 college students participated in the experiment with emotional condition and task load. The effects of different motivational approaches to positive emotions on spatial working memory were investigated. The results of experiment two showed that in the delayed matching task of spatial working memory, the high and low motivation approaches to positive emotion. The reaction time was slower and the correct rate was lower. The above experimental studies show that the motivation of positive emotion approaches to different dimensions, its role in cognitive expansion or narrowing is different, this theory not only applies to the attention and other basic cognitive processes, It also applies to the advanced cognitive process of working memory. To some extent, the results of this study provide evidence for the Gable and Harmon-Jones-2010a motivation dimension model, which is a very important and critical cognitive field of working memory. To some extent, it extends the theory of motivation dimension model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：1616602