本文選題：生存優(yōu)勢　切入點：記憶　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：記憶的生存優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)是指個體在對生存高相關(guān)的信息進行加工時,正確回憶量與錯誤回憶量均會有顯著的增加。以往研究重點均放在不同情景刺激下的生存優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)的正確回憶量的研究上。在實驗研究中,主要探討了年齡、情景與詞表以及呈現(xiàn)時間對于正確回憶量和錯誤回憶量的影響,進行了三個實驗。實驗一隨機選取120名學(xué)生進行2(被試:大學(xué)生、兒童)×2(詞組:生存高相關(guān)詞組、中性詞組)被試間實驗,探討年齡與詞組對記憶效果的影響,及其交互作用。實驗二隨機選取了120名學(xué)生進行2(被試:大學(xué)生、兒童)×2(情景:草原生存情景、城市生活情景)被試間實驗,探討年齡與情景對記憶效果的影響,及其交互作用。實驗三隨機選取240名大學(xué)生進行2(詞語呈現(xiàn)時間:1秒、5秒)×4(情景:引入視頻的草原生存情景、純文字草原生存情景、引入視頻的城市情景、純文字城市情景)被試間實驗,探討呈現(xiàn)時間與情景對記憶效果的影響其交互作用。綜合三個實驗結(jié)果,表明:(1)基于生存相關(guān)性的詞組所引起的生存優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)與情景引起的生存優(yōu)勢效應(yīng),其產(chǎn)生的記憶效果并不相同。生存高相關(guān)的詞組僅在兒童組表現(xiàn)出正確回憶量的增加,而基于情景的生存優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)在兒童組和成人組均引起了正確回憶量的增加。(2)生存高相關(guān)的詞表并不能引起成人或者兒童錯誤回憶量的顯著變化。而草原生存情景不僅同時增加了成人被試與兒童被試的錯誤回憶量,并且使成人被試的錯誤回憶量顯著的高于兒童。(3)生存優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)是一種主要與長時記憶相關(guān)的記憶機制,在1秒的短時編碼內(nèi)并沒有對記憶效果產(chǎn)生顯著的影響。(4)視頻指導(dǎo)語的加入,在不顯著影響正確回憶量的同時,顯著的減少了錯誤記憶量,表明了記憶系統(tǒng)在具有更為充分的情景刺激的同時,不僅僅致力于減少可能會造成個體重大損失的漏報,同時也在努力減少虛報。
[Abstract]:The survival advantage effect of memory refers to the processing of highly relevant information about survival by individuals. The amount of correct recall and false recall will increase significantly. Previous studies have focused on the correct recall of survival predominance under different scenarios. In the experimental study, the age was mainly studied. Three experiments were conducted on the effects of scene, vocabulary and presentation time on correct recall and false recall. Experiment 1: 120 students were randomly selected for 2 (subjects: college students, children) 脳 2 (phrase: survival high correlation phrase). In experiment 2, 120 students were randomly selected for 2 (subjects: college students, children) 脳 2 (scene: grassland survival scenario). The experiment was conducted to explore the influence of age and situation on memory effect and their interaction. Experiment 3 selected 240 college students randomly for 2 (word presentation time: 1 seconds, 5 seconds) 脳 4 (scene: introduction of video grassland survival scene), Pure text grassland survival scenario, the introduction of video urban scene, pure text city scene) subjects between the experiment, to explore the impact of time and scene on the memory effect of interaction. Synthesis of the results of three experiments, The results showed that the survival advantage effect caused by the phrase based on survival correlation was different from the survival advantage effect caused by the situation, and the memory effect was not the same. The high-survival related phrase only showed the increase of correct recall in the children's group. But the survival advantage effect based on the situation caused the increase of correct recall in both children and adults.) the list of words related to high survival did not cause significant change of false recall in adults or children. Not only did they increase the number of false memories in both adults and children, Moreover, the survival dominance effect of adults was significantly higher than that of children (P < 0.05), which was a memory mechanism mainly related to long-term memory. There was no significant effect on the memory effect in the 1 seconds short time coding. The addition of video guide did not significantly affect the amount of correct memory, but also significantly reduced the amount of false memory. It is shown that the memory system is not only devoted to reducing the underreporting which may cause significant losses to individuals, but also to reducing false reports while providing more adequate situational stimuli.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：B842.3

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