本文選題：寬恕　切入點：同齡效應(yīng)　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：中國從古至今都講究以和為美,但有人的地方就有關(guān)系,有關(guān)系就會有沖突。隨著我國老年化進程的不斷加快,社會上關(guān)于老年人的沖突事件也引發(fā)了大家的強烈關(guān)注(公交車讓座事件、碰瓷事件(趙彥,2016;喬新生,2016)),不斷有人提出是老人變壞了,還是壞人變老了等相對消極的想法,這容易造成社會群體的對立、人際間的不信任和社會的不和諧。而寬恕是解決沖突的有效途徑,它不僅可以維護、修復(fù)人際關(guān)系,同時還可以擴大社會支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)、提高生活滿意度。目前關(guān)于寬恕的研究主要集中在青少年和大學(xué)生,以老年人為研究對象的非常少,且主要集中在探討老年人的自我寬恕方(Ebrahimi,Azkhosh,Froughan,Dolatshahee,Shoaei,2015)。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),寬恕存在年齡差異,即老年人比年輕人更加愿意寬恕,寬恕水平更高(Cheng,Yim,2008)。但現(xiàn)有研究只是單獨從被冒犯者的角度比較其寬恕水平的差異及差異的原因,沒有考慮冒犯者的年齡在其中的影響。寬恕中的同齡效應(yīng)是指在冒犯事件中,相比于年老的冒犯者,年輕人更加愿意寬恕與自己年齡相仿的冒犯者;相比于年輕的冒犯者,老年人更加愿意寬恕與自己年齡相仿的冒犯者。寬恕中的同齡效應(yīng)研究,首先將研究對象拓展到了冒犯者,為研究寬恕提供新的視角;其次,揭示寬恕中的同齡效應(yīng),可以為我們有效利用這效應(yīng),改善和恢復(fù)消極的社會氛圍,減少攻擊行為和增加親社會行為提供幫助。本研究總共包括三個部分:研究一通過改變不同情境故事中冒犯者的年齡信息,探討老年人和年輕人寬恕水平的差異,以及老年人與年輕人對待同齡和異齡冒犯者時是否存在同齡效應(yīng);研究二通過Cyberball實驗范式啟動被冒犯的情緒,進一步探討面對不同年齡的冒犯者,老年人與年輕人是否存在同齡效應(yīng)。研究三回溯自己生活中的冒犯事件,探尋在已經(jīng)發(fā)生的冒犯事件中,被試對寬恕事件的處理是否存在同齡效應(yīng)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)老年人存在寬恕的同齡效應(yīng),即:老年人面對年輕與年老的冒犯者時,更加愿意寬恕與自己年齡相仿的冒犯者。(2)年輕人沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)寬恕的同齡效應(yīng),即:年輕人面對年輕與年老的冒犯者時,不存在寬恕的年齡差異。(3)總體上老年人比年輕人寬恕水平更高。(4)冒犯者是老年人時,年輕人與老年人在寬恕水平差異顯著,老年人比年輕人更加愿意寬恕老年人;年輕人與老年人面對年輕人冒犯者時,寬恕差異不顯著。(5)老年人對待年輕人與老年人的寬恕態(tài)度差異比年輕人更嚴重,程度更深,年輕人差異不顯著。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, China has emphasized the beauty of harmony, but there is a relationship between the places where there are people, and there will be conflicts. As the process of aging in China continues to accelerate, The social conflict over the elderly has also aroused strong concern (bus seats give up, porcelain bumps) (Zhao Yanwei 2016; Qiao Xinghuang 2016). Some people have repeatedly raised the relatively negative idea of whether the elderly have gone bad, or whether the bad people are getting old, and so on. This can easily lead to social groups' antagonism, interpersonal distrust and social disharmony. Forgiveness is an effective way to resolve conflicts, not only to maintain and repair relationships, but also to expand social support networks. Improve life satisfaction. The current research on forgiveness is mainly focused on adolescents and college students, with very few on the elderly, and mainly on the self-forgiveness of the elderly, Azkhohimi Froughan Froughan Dolatshahee Shoaeiji.There are some findings. There are age differences in forgiveness, that is, older people are more willing to forgive than young people, and the level of forgiveness is higher than that of young people. The peer effect of forgiveness is that in an affront, young people are more willing to forgive offenders of their own age than older offenders; they are more likely to forgive offenders of their own age than young offenders, Older people are more willing to forgive offenders of the same age. The peer effect of forgiveness is first extended to offenders to provide a new perspective for the study of forgiveness; secondly, it reveals the same age effect in forgiveness. For us to effectively use this effect, to improve and restore the negative social atmosphere, Reducing aggression and increasing pro-social behaviour help. This study consists of three parts: study one, which explores the differences in forgiveness levels between the elderly and the young by changing the age information of offenders in different situations. And whether there is the same age effect in the treatment of the same age and different age offenders between the aged and the young. Study 2, using the Cyberball experimental paradigm to stimulate the offended mood, and further explore the different age offenders, Whether older people and young people have the same age effect. The results showed that the elderly had the same age effect of forgiveness, that is, when they faced young and old offenders, they had the same age effect of forgiveness. Young people are more willing to forgive offenses of their own age.) Young people do not find the same age effect of forgiveness, that is, when young people face young and old offenders, There is no age difference of forgiveness. (3) on the whole, the forgiveness level of the elderly is higher than that of the young. 4) when the offenders are the elderly, there are significant differences between the young and the elderly, and the elderly are more willing to forgive the elderly than the young. There was no significant difference in forgiveness between young people and old people facing offenders. (5) the difference of forgiveness attitude between young people and old people was more serious and deeper than that of young people, but there was no significant difference in young people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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