發(fā)布時間：2018-03-05 00:07

  本文選題：解釋水平　切入點(diǎn)：情景變化水平　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：日常生活中,通常需要個體對未來事件進(jìn)行時間估計,從而進(jìn)行規(guī)劃。然而,個體的時間估計受到主觀和客觀兩方面的影響,因此對于同樣的情境,個體可能會做出不同的時間估計。主觀上來看,根據(jù)解釋水平理論(Construal Level Theory),個體對事件的心理表征影響他們對時間的估計。Trope和Liberman(2003)認(rèn)為個體對事件的表征更抽象、非情境化即高水平解釋時,傾向?qū)θ蝿?wù)高估;對事件的表征更為具體、情境化即低水平解釋時,被試傾向低估任務(wù)時間。當(dāng)下與實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)之間的心理距離也可以影響個體的心理表征。研究表明啟動遠(yuǎn)心理距離使被試產(chǎn)生高水平的心理表征,啟動近心理距離導(dǎo)致低水平的心理表征,因此本研究通過想象未來生活情境的方式啟動被試不同的心理距離,從而使被試產(chǎn)生對事件或抽象、或具體的表征。然而,在現(xiàn)實(shí)情境中,通常情境不是一成不變的�？陀^上來看,情境的變化水平也會影響被試對時間的估計。根據(jù)注意閘門理論(Attention Gate Theory),當(dāng)人們認(rèn)為情境是刺激豐富的、多變的時,更傾向于低估時間;若被試把情境判斷為單一、枯燥的時,更傾向于高估時間。對客觀變化水平相同的情境,采用的主觀解釋水平不同,也會導(dǎo)致被試對時間的不同估計(HansenTrope,2012)。因此,個體對時間的估計不僅受到主觀解釋水平的影響,還受到客觀情境變化發(fā)生的水平的影響。本研究通過操作被試的解釋水平和任務(wù)情景變化水平,來探討二者對時間估計的影響。研究一通過啟動被試的遠(yuǎn)/近的心理距離,然后對屏幕上呈現(xiàn)的一系列字母進(jìn)行時間估計,來驗(yàn)證遠(yuǎn)心理距離高估、近心理距離低估的傾向;研究二、研究三增加了情境變化水平的變量,實(shí)驗(yàn)過程與實(shí)驗(yàn)一一致,來探討是否在知覺和概念變化水平上都存在解釋水平和變化水平的匹配效應(yīng)。經(jīng)研究主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)心理距離影響被試對實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)持續(xù)時間的估計,遠(yuǎn)心理距離導(dǎo)致高估,近心理距離導(dǎo)致低估。(2)被試的解釋水平與實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)的變化水平之間存在匹配效應(yīng),即啟動高/低的解釋水平,當(dāng)操作實(shí)驗(yàn)情境進(jìn)行高/低水平變化時,被試對時間的估計最短。當(dāng)解釋水平與實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)的變化水平不匹配時,被試對時間的估計更長。(3)被試的心理距離在知覺水平上與實(shí)驗(yàn)任務(wù)的變化水平之間存在匹配效應(yīng),而在概念水平上并不存在。
[Abstract]:In daily life, it is usually necessary for individuals to estimate the time of future events in order to plan. However, the time estimates of individuals are affected by both subjective and objective aspects, so for the same situation, Individuals may make different time estimates. Subjectively, according to the level of interpretation theory, the psychological representation of events affects their estimation of time. Trope and Libermann 2003) think that individuals are more abstract about the representation of events. When non-situational interpretation is high level interpretation, it tends to overestimate the task, while the representation of event is more specific, when situational interpretation is low level explanation, Participants tend to underestimate the task time. The psychological distance between the present and the experimental task can also affect the psychological representation of the individual. Starting close psychological distance leads to low level of psychological representation, so this study initiated different psychological distance by imagining the future life situation, so that the participants can produce abstract or concrete representation of events. However, In a real situation, the situation is usually not fixed. Objectively, the level of change in the situation also affects the participants' estimation of time. According to the attention-gate theory, when people think that the situation is rich in stimulus and changeable, They tend to underestimate time; if they judge the situation as single and boring, they tend to overestimate the time. The subjective interpretation level is different for the situation with the same objective change level. It also leads to different estimation of time in subjects. Therefore, individual estimation of time is influenced not only by subjective interpretation level, but also by subjective interpretation level. It was also affected by the level of objective situational changes. This study explored the effects of the two factors on time estimation by manipulating the participants' level of interpretation and the level of task situational changes. Then a series of letters presented on the screen were estimated to verify the tendency to overestimate the psychological distance and underestimate the mental distance near the distance. In the second study, study 3 added variables to the level of situational change, and the process of the experiment was consistent with that of experiment 1. To explore whether there is a matching effect between the level of interpretation and the level of change at the level of perception and conceptual change. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: 1) the psychological distance affects the estimation of the duration of the experiment task, and the remote psychological distance leads to overestimation. Close psychological distance led to underestimation. 2) there was a matching effect between the interpretation level of the subjects and the change level of the experiment task, that is, the high / low explanation level was initiated, and when the experiment situation was changed at a high / low level, there was a matching effect between the interpretation level and the change level of the experiment task. When the level of explanation did not match with the change level of the experiment task, the estimated time of the subjects was longer. 3) the psychological distance of the subjects had a matching effect between the perceptual level and the change level of the experiment task. At the conceptual level, however, it does not exist.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842

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