本文關(guān)鍵詞： 特質(zhì)正念 個(gè)體差異 freesurfer 靜息態(tài)功能連接　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大部分研究者認(rèn)為正念是基于開放的心態(tài),對(duì)時(shí)時(shí)刻刻可感知的體驗(yàn)不判斷,保持覺知。已有的正念冥想的研究大多集中在有意正念(經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練可改變的那部分正念)上,很少有研究探索了神經(jīng)解剖結(jié)構(gòu)/大腦活動(dòng)與特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異之間的關(guān)聯(lián),然而對(duì)于特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異的探索卻是必要的。首先,開始正念冥想訓(xùn)練之前,每個(gè)人存在的個(gè)體差異(特質(zhì)正念)都可能影響著訓(xùn)練的效果;其次,正念冥想訓(xùn)練并不是對(duì)每個(gè)人對(duì)都有效果,那么對(duì)于無(wú)效的那部分人群或者不想?yún)⒓酉腴L(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練的個(gè)體,我們是否可以通過對(duì)特質(zhì)正念而非有意正念的改變來達(dá)到改善心理健康的目的。這些都是建立在對(duì)特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異的準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)知上。相比較于數(shù)量迅速增加的正念冥想的干預(yù)研究,特質(zhì)正念的個(gè)體差異研究受到的關(guān)注就要少得多,進(jìn)而在特質(zhì)正念諸多維度的個(gè)體差異層面上,精細(xì)的多種腦結(jié)構(gòu)與功能指標(biāo)的探索就更少了。而且特質(zhì)正念具有的多維度性,多層次性以及動(dòng)靜態(tài)的交替可變性都決定了他擁有一個(gè)復(fù)雜的工作機(jī)制,加之每個(gè)人對(duì)正念冥想的反應(yīng)不同,個(gè)體差異也變得復(fù)雜。目前關(guān)于正特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異神經(jīng)解剖學(xué)與功能的基礎(chǔ)尚未明確,而且未看到使用皮層指標(biāo)(皮層體積,厚度,表面積等)探索特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異�？傊畬�(duì)于特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異的腦結(jié)構(gòu)與功能基礎(chǔ)還需要進(jìn)一步的探索,從而從神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)層面來認(rèn)識(shí)正念的各個(gè)成分與機(jī)制。本研究的第一部分選取測(cè)量特質(zhì)特質(zhì)正念最為經(jīng)典的單維度問卷--2003年編制而成的正念注意覺知問卷--為基礎(chǔ),考察了基于正念注意覺知量表的特質(zhì)正念的腦皮層結(jié)構(gòu)個(gè)體差異。研究1的行為數(shù)據(jù)采集了正念注意覺知問卷,貝克抑郁問卷,情緒調(diào)節(jié)問卷,腦影像數(shù)據(jù)采集了被試的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)像數(shù)據(jù)。首先使用freesurfer軟件包,將被試正念注意覺知量表的問卷得分與大腦皮層的各種形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)(皮層厚度,皮層表面積,皮層體積)做相關(guān),考察基于正念注意覺知量表的特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異的神經(jīng)機(jī)制。然后使用顯著的個(gè)體差異的腦區(qū)平均信號(hào),正念行為得分,抑郁癥狀得分/情緒調(diào)節(jié)得分三者進(jìn)行中介分析。最后發(fā)現(xiàn)矯正后,正念覺知量表評(píng)分與右側(cè)楔前葉的皮層體積存在顯著的正相關(guān),并且楔前葉對(duì)抑郁癥嚴(yán)重程度的影響受到特質(zhì)正念程度的影響。研究2對(duì)研究1的被試進(jìn)行了追蹤,試圖檢驗(yàn)研究1結(jié)果的穩(wěn)定性。在經(jīng)過一年后,將參加過研究1的被試招募回來(重測(cè)超一半的被試),對(duì)正念注意覺知量表進(jìn)行重測(cè)。然后,將研究1中各被試楔前葉的平均信號(hào)值提出來與本次行為測(cè)試得分做相關(guān)。最后發(fā)現(xiàn),第一次楔前葉的腦信號(hào)與第二次的行為顯著相關(guān),說明楔前葉能夠成功預(yù)測(cè)第二次的特質(zhì)正念程度。結(jié)果證明了楔前葉的穩(wěn)定性,該腦區(qū)可能是特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異的關(guān)鍵腦區(qū)。研究3選取五因素正念問卷作為多維度測(cè)量正念的工具,試圖通過對(duì)皮層結(jié)構(gòu)與靜息態(tài)功能連接的分析,從神經(jīng)影像學(xué)層面考察特質(zhì)正念的各成分。由于研究1中的正念測(cè)量工具是單維度,在對(duì)正念冥想的測(cè)量上有所側(cè)重而不夠全面,而為了更加全面地考察特質(zhì)正念腦結(jié)構(gòu)與功能基礎(chǔ)的個(gè)體差異,本研究最后選取了這一測(cè)量工具。研究3的行為數(shù)據(jù)采集除了該正念問卷,還有貝克抑郁和情緒調(diào)節(jié)問卷。腦影像數(shù)據(jù)則采集了結(jié)構(gòu)和靜息態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)。此外,鑒于已有大量研究認(rèn)為正念冥想在心理健康中的積極作用,但鮮有研究從特質(zhì)正念角度入手探索正念冥想行為-腦-心理健康之間的關(guān)系。于是本研究使用中介效應(yīng)分析,通過對(duì)腦-正念行為-心理健康三者的分析,來從側(cè)面驗(yàn)證特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異對(duì)心理健康(這里選取最為常見的抑郁癥狀和情緒調(diào)節(jié)指標(biāo))存在的潛在積極作用。最后基于皮層形態(tài)學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)五因素正念問卷的描述維度與右側(cè)額下回(ba46),頂下小葉(ba40)和左側(cè)額上回(ba9)的皮層表面積以右側(cè)額下回(ba46)的皮層體積顯著正相關(guān)。不判斷維度與額上回(ba10)和枕中的皮層表面積正相關(guān)。另外,不反應(yīng)維度與右側(cè)額上回(ba8)的皮質(zhì)厚度呈負(fù)相關(guān),并且,經(jīng)過靜息態(tài)功能連接的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),楔前葉與內(nèi)側(cè)前額葉的功能連接與不反應(yīng)維度顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。此外,經(jīng)過后續(xù)的中介分析發(fā)現(xiàn)特質(zhì)正念明顯(描述維度)影響著額下回灰質(zhì)體積和認(rèn)知重評(píng)能力的相關(guān)。中介效應(yīng)顯示特質(zhì)正念可能在情緒調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮著一定的保護(hù)作用�？偟膩碚f,這些腦區(qū)不僅在自我覺知方面發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用,而且在注意力控制和情緒調(diào)節(jié)方面都扮演著重要角色,并且三者都是正念冥想的重要成分。結(jié)合本研究的三個(gè)部分可以發(fā)現(xiàn),正念注意覺知問卷測(cè)量的特質(zhì)正念個(gè)體差異主要體現(xiàn)在楔前葉的皮層體積上,主要涉及自我覺知;并且楔前葉通過改正年行為得分影響著抑郁癥狀嚴(yán)重程度,驗(yàn)證了特質(zhì)正念在緩解抑郁上的積極作用。五因素正念問卷測(cè)量的特質(zhì)正念的個(gè)體差異在結(jié)構(gòu)上主要體現(xiàn)在額上/下回,頂下小葉,靜息態(tài)功能連接上主要體現(xiàn)在楔前葉-內(nèi)側(cè)額上回,這些結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的個(gè)體差異主要涉及到注意力控制,自我覺知和情緒調(diào)節(jié)三個(gè)方面;并且額下回的皮層體積通過描述維度的得分影響著情緒調(diào)節(jié)的認(rèn)知重評(píng)能力,驗(yàn)證了正念在情緒調(diào)節(jié)上可能存在的積極作用。
[Abstract]:Most researchers believe that mindfulness is an open mind based on the judgment of not always can feel, be aware. Previous studies mostly focus on intentional mindfulness meditation mindfulness (after that mindfulness training can change), few studies have explored the neural anatomy / association between brain activity and trait mindfulness individual differences, but for the characteristics of individual differences in the exploration of mindfulness is necessary. First, before the start of mindfulness meditation training, individual differences in a person's existence (may affect the trait mindfulness) training effect; secondly, mindfulness meditation training is not for everyone to have the effect, so for that part of the population is invalid and do not want to participate to the long-term training of the individual, whether we can improve the mental health of the characteristics of mindfulness rather than to mindfulness change. These are built Stand in the accurate cognition of individual differences on the trait mindfulness intervention study. Compared to the rapid increase in the number of mindfulness meditation, research on individual differences in trait mindfulness have received much less, and at the level of individual differences in trait mindfulness many dimensions, explore the fine many kinds of brain structure and function index is less and the multi dimension trait mindfulness has the diversity and variability of the static dynamic alternating decided he has a complex mechanism, and each person of mindfulness meditation to respond differently to individual differences also become complicated. At present is based on individual differences in trait mindfulness neuroanatomy and function is not yet clear, but not see the use of cortical index (cortical thickness, volume, surface area) to explore individual differences in trait mindfulness. In short the brain structure and function characteristics of individual differences of mindfulness based The foundation also needs further exploration, and from the level of understanding the neural basis of each component and the mechanism of mindfulness. The first part selects the measurement of traits of mindfulness of the most classic single dimension questionnaire --2003 compiled the questionnaire for the mindful attention awareness foundation, examines the mindful attention awareness of individual differences in cerebral cortex structure knowledge trait mindfulness scale based on the behavioral data collected in 1 of the mindful attention awareness questionnaire, Beck depression questionnaire, emotion regulation questionnaire, brain imaging data acquisition brain structure subjects like data. Firstly, using the FreeSurfer software package, be mindful attention awareness various morphological index scale questionnaire and the scores of knowledge the cerebral cortex (cortical thickness, cortical surface area, cortical volume) to do related research based on the neural mechanism of mindful attention awareness knowledge trait mindfulness individual difference scale. Then use significantly The average signal brain regions of individual differences, mindfulness scores, scores of depressive symptoms / emotion regulation score of three were analyzed. The intermediary finally found after correction, mindfulness scale and right precuneus cortex volume is positively correlated, and precuneus affect the severity of depression was influenced by the characteristics of mindfulness research on 2 degree. 1 of the participants were tracked to test the research results of the stability of 1. After a year, will participate in the study of 1 subjects recruited back (retest over half of subjects), the mindful attention awareness scale were re measured. Then, the research in 1 the average signal precuneus.3.7increased value put forward related to the behavioral scores. Finally, the first time the precuneus significantly related to brain signals and the second act, that the precuneus can successfully predict the second characteristics of mindfulness level . the results prove that the stability lobe precuneus, the brain may be a key brain region trait differences. On the 3 mindfulness selects five factors of mindfulness questionnaire as a multi-dimensional measurement of mindfulness tool, tries to analyze cortical structures connected with resting state function, each component from the neuroimaging study of mindfulness level traits because of the measuring tool 1. Mindfulness is the single dimension, in the measurement of mindfulness meditation on the emphasis and is not comprehensive enough, and in order to more fully examine individual differences in brain structure and function characteristics of mindfulness based, this research finally selects the measurement tools. Research on the behavior of 3 data acquisition in addition to the mindfulness questionnaire. And Beck depression and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Data acquisition is the structure of brain imaging and resting state data. In addition, there are a lot of research in view of that mindfulness meditation positive role in mental health, but fresh Starting from the research perspective to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and mindfulness meditation behavior - brain - mental health. So this study uses the mediating effect analysis, through the analysis of the brain - behavior - mindfulness mental health of the three, from the side to verify the characteristics of mindfulness of individual differences on mental health (which selects the most common symptoms of depression and emotion regulation index) potential positive effects exist. Finally, based on the analysis found that five factors of mindfulness questionnaire description of dimensions and morphology of the right inferior frontal cortex structure (BA46), inferior parietal lobule (ba40) and left superior frontal gyrus (BA9) cortical surface area in the right inferior frontal gyrus (BA46) was positively related to the volume of the cortex. Do not judge the dimensions and superior frontal gyrus (BA10) positive and occipital cortical surface area. In addition, no reaction dimension and right superior frontal gyrus (ba8) cortical thickness was negatively correlated, and through analysis of resting state functional connectivity found , precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex functional connectivity and response dimensions have a significant negative correlation. In addition, after further analysis found that the obvious trait of mindfulness (intermediary description dimension) affects the inferior frontal gray matter volume and cognitive reappraisal ability. The mediating effect of display trait mindfulness may play a protective role in emotion regulation. In general, these brain regions not only play a key role in self awareness, and regulation in attentional control and emotion plays an important role, and the three is an important component of mindfulness meditation. Combined with the three part of this study can be found, mindful attention awareness of individual differences in trait mindfulness questionnaire of knowledge is mainly reflected in the precuneus cortical volume, mainly related to self awareness; and precuneus by correcting years behavioral scores affect depression severity, quality is verified Read the role in alleviating depression. Individual differences in trait Mindfulness Mindfulness questionnaires measuring five factors mainly in the structure of next time in the frontal / parietal lobule, resting state functional connectivity in the precuneus and medial frontal gyrus mainly reflects the structure and function of these individual differences, mainly related to attentional control self awareness and emotion regulation in three aspects; and to describe the scores of emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal ability through the inferior frontal cortex volume, proves the positive role of mindfulness may exist in emotion regulation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B845

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1540140