本文關(guān)鍵詞： 特質(zhì)型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦 情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦 自我-他人 跨期選擇　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：跨期選擇是人們對發(fā)生在不同時間的收益或者損失進行的權(quán)衡后進而做出的決策。學(xué)者們對跨期選擇做了很多的研究,也得到了一些有意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)。但這些研究主要集中在自我跨期選擇的層面,較少涉及生活中相當普遍的現(xiàn)象—他人跨期選擇。近期的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),調(diào)節(jié)聚焦作為一種動機傾向會影響自我-他人風險選擇偏好。作為與風險選擇相似的跨期選擇,調(diào)節(jié)聚焦類型是否也會對自我-他人跨期選擇產(chǎn)生影響。理清這一問題不僅能夠豐富自我-他人決策和跨期選擇的相關(guān)理論,而且可以為個體在現(xiàn)實生活中進行自我-他人的跨期選擇提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。因此,本研究運用三個實驗,考察調(diào)節(jié)聚焦類型對自我-他人跨期選擇的影響。實驗一考察了特質(zhì)型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦對自我-他人跨期選擇的影響。本實驗采用3(決策者角色:為自己、為親密家人、為完全陌生的人)×2(特質(zhì)型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦:特質(zhì)型促進聚焦、特質(zhì)型防御聚焦)的混合實驗設(shè)計,結(jié)果表明:(1)特質(zhì)型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦和決策者角色交互作用顯著。對特質(zhì)型促進聚焦的個體而言,為自己、為親密家人和為完全陌生的人決策并無差異;對特質(zhì)型防御聚焦的個體而言,為自己和親密家人決策時的時間折扣率顯著低于為完全陌生的人決策時的時間折扣率。(2)特質(zhì)型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦的主效應(yīng)邊緣顯著。特質(zhì)型促進聚焦個體的時間折扣率稍高于特質(zhì)型防御聚焦個體的時間折扣率。(3)決策者角色的主效應(yīng)顯著。個體為自己和為親密家人決策時的時間折扣率顯著低于為完全陌生的人決策時的時間折扣率,個體為自己和為親密家人決策時的時間折扣率并無顯著差異。實驗二考察了情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦對自我-他人跨期選擇的影響。本實驗采用3(決策者角色:為自己、為親密家人、為完全陌生的人)×2(情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦:情境型促進聚焦、情境型防御聚焦)的混合實驗設(shè)計。結(jié)果表明:決策者角色的主效應(yīng)顯著。當被試為自己決策和為親密家人決策時,其時間折扣率顯著小于為完全陌生人決策的時間折扣率;為自己和為親密家人的時間折扣率沒有明顯差異,這與實驗一的結(jié)果相一致。然而,情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦的主效應(yīng)和二者的交互作用都不顯著。實驗三通過操縱決策者角色和情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦來考察情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦在自我-他人跨期選擇中的作用。其中包括兩個單因素實驗3a和3b。結(jié)果顯示:(1)為完全陌生的人決策所誘發(fā)的促進聚焦水平顯著高于為自己和為親密朋友誘發(fā)的促進聚焦水平,為自己決策和為親密朋友決策所誘發(fā)的促進聚焦水平并無顯著差異。(2)為完全陌生的人決策時誘發(fā)的防御聚焦水平顯著低于為自己決策和為親密朋友決策所誘發(fā)的防御聚焦水平,為自己決策和為親密朋友決策所誘發(fā)的防御聚焦水平并無顯著差異。(3)誘發(fā)促進聚焦組的被試的時間折扣率要顯著高于誘發(fā)防御聚焦組被試的時間折扣率。本研究的結(jié)論如下:(1)為自己和為親密家人決策時間折扣率低,為完全陌生的人決策時間折扣率高,為自己和為親密家人決策時間折扣率差異不顯著。(2)促進聚焦被試的時間折扣率顯著高于防御聚焦被試的時間折扣率。(3)特質(zhì)型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦在自我-他人跨期選擇中起調(diào)節(jié)作用;情境型調(diào)節(jié)聚焦在自我-他人跨期選擇中起中介作用。
[Abstract]:The intertemporal choice is to occur at different times of the income or loss of balance in and make decisions. Scholars have done a lot of researches on the intertemporal choice, also got some interesting discoveries. But these researches mainly focus on the self intertemporal choice level, less involved in life is quite common the phenomenon of other intertemporal choice. Recent studies have found that regulatory focus as a motivation will affect the self other risk preference and risk selection. As the intertemporal choice and similar types of regulatory focus is on self and others of intertemporal choice theory clear impact. This problem can not only enrich self other decision and intertemporal choice, but also for individual self - in real life, others intertemporal choice to provide a scientific basis. Therefore, this study used three experiments on adjusting Effect on self - focusing type and choose others cross. Experiment 1 investigated the characteristics of regulating effect of focusing on self and others across the stage. In this paper 3 (decision maker: for myself, as close as family, total strangers) * 2 (trait regulatory focus: trait promotion focus that trait defense focus) mixed experimental design, results showed that: (1) specific regulatory focus and decision-making role significant interaction. To promote the focus on individual trait, for themselves, for a close family and for the decision is completely strange difference; nature of defense focused individuals for themselves and close family decisions when time discount rate was significantly lower than that for a complete stranger decision when the time discount rate. (2) the main effect of edge trait regulatory focus significantly. Specific promotion focus individual time discount rate is slightly higher than the characteristics of anti The focus individual time discount rate (3). The main effect is significant. The individual decision maker for himself and for close family decision when the time discount rate was significantly lower than that for a complete stranger decision when the time discount rate, the individual for himself and for close family decision time discount rate had no significant difference in experiments. Two the effects of situational effects on self - focusing and choose others across. This experiment uses 3 (decision maker: for myself, as close as family, total strangers) * 2 (situational regulatory focus: situational promotion focus, situational prevention focus) mixed experimental design. The results showed that the main effect: decision maker is significant. When subjects for their own decisions and intimate family decisions, the time discount rate was significantly less than for a complete stranger decision time discount rate; for himself and for close family time discount rate is not clear Significant difference, which is consistent with the results of an experiment. However, the main effects of situational regulatory focus and the two are not significant. The experiment to examine the situational regulatory focus in self and others in intertemporal choice of focusing three decision makers through the manipulation of characters and situations including two type regulation. The single factor experiments of 3a and 3b. results showed that: (1) induced by complete strangers making promotion focus level is significantly higher than for himself and for close friends induced promotion focus level, for their decision-making and decision-making for close friends induced promotion focus levels were not significantly different. (2) the defense focus level completely stranger decision induced was significantly lower than that in making decisions for yourself as a close friend and decision by focusing their defense level, decision-making and decision-making as a close friend induced defense focus levels were not significantly difference Different. (3) induced promotion focus groups were tested the time discount rate is significantly higher than that induced by the defense focus group participants time discount rate. The conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) for himself and for close family decision time discount rate is low, is completely strange decision time discount rate is high, for their own and for close family decision time discount rate difference was not significant. (2) to promote the focus subjects time discount rate was significantly higher than that of prevention focus subjects time discount rate. (3) focus on the self - regulating trait of others in intertemporal choice and regulate the situation; regulation focus on self and others across the stage choose to play an intermediary role.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842

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