本文關(guān)鍵詞： 角色轉(zhuǎn)變 心理困境 社區(qū)干預(yù) 老年人　出處：《東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和人口的不斷增長(zhǎng),目前人口老齡化問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為社會(huì)較為普遍關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)話題。老年人口增多伴隨而來(lái)的是一些與老年人相關(guān)的問(wèn)題,如老年人看病就醫(yī)難、老年人貧困以及老年人照顧、精神慰籍和心理健康等問(wèn)題。在人們物質(zhì)生活不斷得到滿足和富足的情況下,老年人對(duì)吃飽、穿暖的關(guān)注,已遠(yuǎn)不及對(duì)吃好、穿好特別是精神文化生活豐富、心情愉快的關(guān)注,關(guān)心和關(guān)注老年人心理和精神生活、幫助老年人擺脫心理困境越來(lái)越成為政府和社會(huì)亟待破解的重要課題。 很多剛退休的老年人,他們離開(kāi)原來(lái)的工作崗位回到家庭中,在生活上和心理上正面臨著重要的角色轉(zhuǎn)換。他們的生理機(jī)能退化,心理狀態(tài)低迷,這一時(shí)期非常容易出現(xiàn)焦慮、情緒不穩(wěn)定等消極情緒。生活上的巨大改變,尤其是角色扮演上的重大變化,使他們由原來(lái)的職業(yè)角色變成了閑暇角色、由原來(lái)的主體角色變成了依賴角色,這種社會(huì)角色上的變化,給老年人日常生活帶來(lái)了巨大改變,也對(duì)他們的心理上產(chǎn)生了巨大的沖擊。他們的孤獨(dú)感不斷增強(qiáng)、心理落差增大負(fù)面情緒增多都會(huì)使他們的心理處于困境狀態(tài),而這種困境如果不能得到及時(shí)的解決將會(huì)對(duì)老年人的身心極為不利,由于老年人自身的調(diào)節(jié)能力有限、家庭成員沒(méi)有時(shí)間、社會(huì)宏觀政策又不能真正滿足老年人的心理需要,所以我們需要一個(gè)平臺(tái)幫助老年人走出心理困境,讓他們有更美好的生活。 社區(qū)是現(xiàn)代老年人居住和活動(dòng)的主要場(chǎng)所,他們?cè)谏鐓^(qū)中生活、娛樂(lè),社區(qū)同老年人的日常生活密不可分,社區(qū)有責(zé)任和義務(wù)去解決老年人面臨的眾多問(wèn)題,社區(qū)可以作為老年人與外界社會(huì)溝通的橋梁,所以將社區(qū)作為這樣一個(gè)平臺(tái)去幫助老年人走出心理困境、重新樹(shù)立社會(huì)角色是非常可行的。本文將剛退休的老年人存在的心理困境與需求同社區(qū)服務(wù)聯(lián)系起來(lái),通過(guò)加強(qiáng)社區(qū)服務(wù)建設(shè),來(lái)滿足老年人生活和心理的部分需要。 本文運(yùn)用社會(huì)學(xué)及社會(huì)心理學(xué)的相關(guān)概念和理論,通過(guò)典型個(gè)案訪談分析法,來(lái)研究城市老年人的心態(tài)變化和心理困境,探討老年人社會(huì)角色變化的心理特點(diǎn)、分析老年人心理困境產(chǎn)生的因素,再通過(guò)借鑒國(guó)外一些優(yōu)秀的社區(qū)干預(yù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),進(jìn)而將老年人心理困境同社區(qū)干預(yù)相結(jié)合,提出社區(qū)干預(yù)的具體對(duì)策,幫助老年人重新進(jìn)行角色學(xué)習(xí)和角色樹(shù)立,使他們盡快走出心理困境,盡享美好晚年生活。本文在研究?jī)?nèi)容和分析角度上具有一定新穎性。
[Abstract]:With the progress of society and the increasing of population, the problem of aging population has become a hot topic that the society pays more attention to. The increase of the elderly population is accompanied by some problems related to the elderly, such as the difficulty of seeing medical treatment for the elderly. Old people are poor and care for the elderly, mental comfort and mental health. With people's material life being constantly satisfied and prosperous, the elderly are far less concerned about food and clothing than they are about eating well. It is more and more important for the government and society to pay close attention to the mental and spiritual life of the old people and help them get rid of the psychological predicament. Many old people who have just retired, who leave their jobs and return to their families, are facing an important role shift in their lives and psychologically. This period is very prone to negative emotions, such as anxiety, emotional instability, etc. Great changes in life, especially in role-playing, have transformed them from their original professional roles into leisure roles. The change in the social role has brought great changes to the daily life of the elderly, and has had a tremendous impact on their psychology. Their sense of loneliness is constantly increasing. The increase of psychological gap and negative emotions will cause them to be in a difficult state of mind, which, if not solved in time, will be extremely detrimental to the body and mind of the elderly, because of their limited ability to regulate themselves. Family members do not have time, and social macro policies can not really meet the psychological needs of the elderly, so we need a platform to help the elderly out of psychological difficulties, so that they have a better life. The community is the main place where the modern elderly live and act. They live in the community, entertain, and the community is inextricably linked to the daily life of the elderly. The community has the responsibility and responsibility to solve the many problems faced by the elderly. The community can serve as a bridge between the elderly and the outside society, so use the community as such a platform to help the elderly out of their psychological predicament. It is very feasible to re-establish the social role. This paper links the psychological predicament and needs of the old people who have just retired with the community service, and through strengthening the construction of the community service, to meet the needs of the elderly people's life and psychology. In this paper, by using the relevant concepts and theories of sociology and social psychology, through the analysis of typical case interviews, we study the psychological changes and psychological difficulties of the elderly in urban areas, and discuss the psychological characteristics of the changes in the social roles of the elderly. This paper analyzes the factors of the psychological predicament of the elderly, and then through drawing lessons from some excellent experiences of community intervention abroad, combines the psychological predicament of the elderly with the intervention of the community, and puts forward the concrete countermeasures of the community intervention. In order to help the elderly to re-learn their roles and establish their roles, they can get out of their psychological predicament and enjoy a better life in old age as soon as possible. This paper has some novelty in terms of research content and analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D669.3;B844.4

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