本文關(guān)鍵詞： 特質(zhì)焦慮 狀態(tài)焦慮 認知負荷 注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能 運動表現(xiàn)　出處：《北京體育大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：焦慮會引起運動員運動表現(xiàn)的改變。注意控制理論認為焦慮對運動表現(xiàn)的影響是因為焦慮干擾了注意控制,但對特質(zhì)焦慮和狀態(tài)焦慮分別影響了何種注意系統(tǒng)并沒有充分說明。注意的三重注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型將注意由一個單一的概念發(fā)展為由警覺、定向和執(zhí)行控制三種功能組成的系統(tǒng),為更清楚地探討焦慮對注意的影響提供了新思路。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn),焦慮對注意的影響是由于焦慮引起注意資源被分心刺激干擾所導(dǎo)致的。而認知負荷或許能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)同焦慮的競爭,使注意資源不被無關(guān)信息占用,緩解焦慮的干擾作用。本研究在注意控制理論的基礎(chǔ)上,分別探討特質(zhì)焦慮和狀態(tài)焦慮對注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的影響,同時考查認知負荷是否可以調(diào)節(jié)焦慮對注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的影響,并通過模擬真實運動情境進一步檢驗焦慮和認知負荷對運動表現(xiàn)的影響。研究一探討了特質(zhì)焦慮對注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的影響,并檢驗認知負荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用。26名排球運動員參與實驗,根據(jù)特質(zhì)焦慮得分高低,將被試分為高、低特質(zhì)焦慮組。使用注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)測驗測量注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能(警覺、定向、執(zhí)行控制),并使用N-Back任務(wù)對認知負荷進行操控。結(jié)果顯示特質(zhì)焦慮在注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能三個指標(biāo)上的主效應(yīng)都不顯著;高認知負荷條件下的注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能效率高于低認知負荷條件;特質(zhì)焦慮和認知負荷在執(zhí)行控制功能上的交互作用顯著:高特質(zhì)焦慮組的參與者在高認知負荷條件下的執(zhí)行控制功能效率高于低認知負荷條件。研究二探討了狀態(tài)焦慮對注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能的影響,并檢驗認知負荷的調(diào)節(jié)作用。40名排球運動員參與實驗。狀態(tài)焦慮分為高、低兩個水平,高狀態(tài)焦慮情境設(shè)置使用電擊和噪音兩種懲罰以及限時反應(yīng)、攝像等方法。使用注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)測驗測量注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能,并使用N-Back任務(wù)對認知負荷進行操控。結(jié)果顯示,高狀態(tài)焦慮組的定向功能和執(zhí)行控制功能低于低狀態(tài)焦慮組;高認知負荷條件下的警覺功能和執(zhí)行控制功能效率高于低認知負荷條件;狀態(tài)焦慮和認知負荷的交互作用不顯著。研究三分析注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能與運動表現(xiàn)的關(guān)系,并檢驗競賽狀態(tài)焦慮和認知負荷對運動員運動表現(xiàn)的影響。24名排球運動員參與實驗。運動表現(xiàn)使用排球發(fā)球表現(xiàn)(發(fā)球命中個數(shù))作為指標(biāo),競賽狀態(tài)焦慮分為高、低兩個水平,高競賽狀態(tài)焦慮情境設(shè)置使用“數(shù)字倒數(shù)計算任務(wù)”的方法,認知負荷通過雙任務(wù)范式實現(xiàn)。結(jié)果顯示,低認知負荷條件下,警覺功能和命中個數(shù)的相關(guān)較高;高認知負荷條件下,執(zhí)行控制功能和命中個數(shù)的相關(guān)較高;競賽狀態(tài)焦慮和認知負荷的主效應(yīng)不顯著;高競賽狀態(tài)焦慮組在低認知負荷條件下的發(fā)球命中個數(shù)低于高認知負荷條件。結(jié)論:1、特質(zhì)焦慮干擾目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的注意系統(tǒng),狀態(tài)焦慮干擾目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向和刺激驅(qū)動的注意系統(tǒng)。2、狀態(tài)焦慮干擾排球發(fā)球表現(xiàn),高認知負荷可以緩解這種不利影響。3、認知負荷是焦慮影響注意網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能和運動表現(xiàn)的調(diào)節(jié)變量,可以緩解特質(zhì)焦慮對執(zhí)行控制功能的干擾作用和狀態(tài)焦慮對排球發(fā)球表現(xiàn)的消極影響。
[Abstract]:Anxiety can cause changes in the expression of athletes. Pay attention to the control theory that the effects of anxiety on athletic performance because of anxiety interferes with the attentional control, but the state anxiety and trait anxiety were affected what attention system is not fully explained. Three attention network model of attention will be noticed by a single concept of development by alert. Orienting and executive control system consists of three functions, to investigate the anxiety more clearly provide a new idea for the effect of attention. Previous studies found that anxiety is anxiety because of attention resources are caused by distraction stimulates the interference effects on attention and cognitive load may be able to achieve the same anxiety competition, attention resources occupied by irrelevant information, interference mitigation effect of anxiety. In this study the attention control theory on the basis of trait anxiety and state anxiety of attention network Effect of complex function, and examine whether cognitive load can modulate the effects of anxiety on the attention network, and through the simulation of real sport to further examine the effect of anxiety and cognitive load on athletic performance. The first study explores the trait anxiety of attention network influence, and test the cognitive load regulation of.26 Volleyball Athletes according to the experiment, trait anxiety scores, the subjects were divided into high and low trait anxiety group. Using the attention network test measuring attention network (alert, directional, executive control), and manipulation of the cognitive load using N-Back task. The results showed that the main effect of trait anxiety in the attention network function three indicators are not significant; attention network efficiency under high cognitive load is higher than that in low cognitive load conditions; trait anxiety and cognitive load on executive control function of the interaction Obviously, the high trait anxiety group participants in high cognitive load under the condition of executive function efficiency is higher than that of low cognitive load conditions. Two to investigate the effect of anxiety on attention network, and test the cognitive load regulation of.40 volleyball athletes to participate in the experiment. The state anxiety were divided into high and low two level high state anxiety is set using the electric shock and noise of two kind of punishment and limited response, video and other methods. Using the attention network test measuring attention network function, and control of the cognitive load using N-Back task. The results showed that the directional function and executive control function of high state anxiety group is lower than the low anxiety group; high cognitive load conditions. The alert function and executive function efficiency is higher than that of low cognitive load conditions; the interaction of state anxiety and cognitive load is not significant. Three power network analysis The relationship between energy and performance, and test the effect of.24 competition state anxiety and cognitive load on the athletes who participated in the experiment. The performance of volleyball athletes using Volleyball Serving performance (ball hit number) as the index, competition state anxiety were divided into high and low two levels, high competition state anxiety situation using the method digital countdown computing tasks ", to achieve the dual task paradigm by cognitive load. The results show that under the condition of low cognitive load, alert functions and high hit number; under high cognitive load, higher control function and hit number of execution; the main effect of competition state anxiety and cognitive load is not significant; high competition state anxiety group in low cognitive load conditions serve hit number is lower than the high cognitive load conditions. Conclusion: 1, pay attention to the system of trait anxiety interference target oriented, dry state anxiety Disturbing goal-directed and stimulus driven attentional system.2, state anxiety interference Volleyball Serving performance, high cognitive load can alleviate the adverse effects of.3, the cognitive load effect on anxiety variable function and pay attention to adjust the sports network performance, the negative effects can alleviate the performance of trait anxiety on executive control function disturbance and state anxiety of volleyball serve.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京體育大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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