本文關(guān)鍵詞： 文化傾向 文化文本 視線行為 SAD TKS 眼動(dòng)儀　出處：《上海師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：文化心理病理學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn),文化和心理行為之間相互影響。文化不僅影響正常的心理行為,也會(huì)影響異常的心理行為。社會(huì)焦慮就屬于異常的心理行為中的一種。文化對(duì)于心理行為的影響是通過(guò)文化文本作為橋梁來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。文化文本就是指文化環(huán)境下的行為及其意義。以往的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人主義文化的國(guó)家(如美國(guó)),社會(huì)焦慮者主要表現(xiàn)為害怕自己受傷害文本;而在強(qiáng)調(diào)集體主義文化的國(guó)家(如日本),社會(huì)焦慮者主要表現(xiàn)為害怕傷害別人文本。并且以往研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)社會(huì)焦慮和視線行為之間有著密切的關(guān)系,社會(huì)焦慮者一般會(huì)表現(xiàn)出視線逃避行為。但是以往研究中也存在著以下不足。第一,關(guān)于文化與社會(huì)焦慮的關(guān)系研究中,主要是采用問(wèn)卷的方式進(jìn)行的。第二,在探討社會(huì)焦慮和視線行為的關(guān)系研究中,并沒(méi)有涉及到文化因素�；诖�,本研究通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方式,以中國(guó)人為被試,探索在社會(huì)焦慮情境下,個(gè)體的視線行為反應(yīng),及其潛在的文化機(jī)制(文化文本)。具體研究的問(wèn)題為:第一,在社會(huì)焦慮情境下,中國(guó)人對(duì)不同情緒刺激的視線行為是什么樣的?第二,中國(guó)人在社會(huì)焦慮情境下視線行為反應(yīng)的文化文本是什么樣的?根據(jù)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題,提出以下三個(gè)假設(shè)。H1a:文化文本(害怕自己受傷害文本/害怕傷害他人文本)和面孔圖片上的注視時(shí)間呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);H2a:害怕自己受傷害文本分?jǐn)?shù)低組和害怕自己受傷害文本分?jǐn)?shù)高組在面孔圖片上的注視時(shí)間存在著顯著差異;H3a:害怕傷害他人文本分?jǐn)?shù)低組和害怕傷害他人文本分?jǐn)?shù)高組在面孔圖片上的注視時(shí)間存在著顯著差異。根據(jù)第二個(gè)問(wèn)題,提出以下兩個(gè)假設(shè)。H1b:集體主義文化傾向和害怕傷害他人文本呈顯著正相關(guān),個(gè)人主義文化傾向和害怕自己受傷害文本呈顯著正相關(guān);H2b:文化文本(害怕自己受傷害文本/害怕傷害他人文本)在文化傾向和面孔圖片上的注視時(shí)間之間起中介作用。本研究通過(guò)以下實(shí)驗(yàn)檢驗(yàn)上述假設(shè)。預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn):社會(huì)焦慮情境有效性的研究。以20名上海師范大學(xué)的學(xué)生為被試。創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)社會(huì)焦慮情境,情境主要是通過(guò)視頻語(yǔ)音的方式讓被試和權(quán)威者之間進(jìn)行對(duì)話,并讓被試在權(quán)威者面前進(jìn)行7分鐘演講。預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后讓被試回答在這種社會(huì)焦慮情境下的焦慮情緒的程度是多少分?預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果反映了創(chuàng)設(shè)的社會(huì)焦慮情境能夠有效地引發(fā)被試的社會(huì)焦慮情緒。正式實(shí)驗(yàn):中國(guó)人在社會(huì)焦慮情境下的視線行為的研究。以106名上海師范大學(xué)的學(xué)生為被試,通過(guò)自我建構(gòu)量表,社會(huì)互動(dòng)焦慮量表和社會(huì)焦慮量表分別測(cè)量被試的文化傾向,害怕自己受傷害文本和害怕傷害他人文本。接著創(chuàng)設(shè)一個(gè)社會(huì)焦慮情境,誘發(fā)出被試的焦慮情緒以后,再呈現(xiàn)不同的情緒面孔圖片,用眼動(dòng)儀測(cè)量被試在整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中的視線行為。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)分別得出以上兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的相應(yīng)結(jié)果。首先對(duì)于第一個(gè)問(wèn)題,結(jié)果反映了在社會(huì)焦慮情境下,集體主義文化傾向的人,隨著文化文本(害怕自己受傷害文本或者害怕傷害他人文本)分?jǐn)?shù)的增加,對(duì)情緒刺激(尤其是威脅性的刺激)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越多的注視行為;在社會(huì)焦慮情境下,個(gè)人主義文化傾向的人,隨著文化文本(害怕自己受傷害文本或者害怕傷害他人文本)分?jǐn)?shù)的增加,對(duì)情緒刺激(尤其是威脅性的刺激)會(huì)表現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越多的逃避行為。對(duì)于第二個(gè)問(wèn)題,結(jié)果反映了集體主義文化傾向的人在社會(huì)焦慮情境下,主要表現(xiàn)為害怕自己受傷害;害怕自己受傷害文本在集體主義文化傾向和中立的情緒刺激之間起完全中介作用。通過(guò)本研究,我們了解到了文化,社會(huì)焦慮的文化文本以及視線行為之間的關(guān)系。以便于今后,我們可以根據(jù)來(lái)訪者的文化特性理解來(lái)訪者的思想行為并與之進(jìn)行恰當(dāng)?shù)鼗?dòng)。
[Abstract]:Study found that cultural psychopathology, interaction between cultural and psychological behavior. Psychological culture not only affects the normal behavior, will also affect the abnormal psychological behavior. Social anxiety is a kind of abnormal behavior in the influence of culture on psychological behavior. Through cultural texts as a bridge to achieve the cultural text is refers to the behavior. And the significance of cultural environment. Previous studies have found that in the individualistic culture of the country (such as the United States), social anxiety mainly for fear of hurting the text; while in emphasize collectivism culture countries (such as Japan), social anxiety mainly for fear of hurting others and previous research has text. It is found that there is a close relationship between social anxiety and sight behavior, social anxiety will generally show sight escape behavior. But previous studies also exist the following deficiencies. First, the research on the relationship between culture and social anxiety, is mainly carried out by questionnaire. Second, in the study to explore the relationship between social anxiety and gaze behavior, and not related to cultural factors. Based on this, the experimental approach to Chinese as participants, to explore in social anxiety the line of sight, behavioral responses of individuals, and its potential mechanism of culture (cultural text). The specific research questions are as follows: first, the social anxiety, Chinese is what kind of sight behavior of different emotional stimuli? Second, reaction behavior Chinese sight culture text in social anxiety is what? According to the first problem, put forward the following three hypotheses (.H1a: cultural text, afraid of their own hurt / hurt others fear the text text) has significant negative correlation and the face image on the fixation time; H2a: was afraid of hurt Text and low score group and fear of hurt in the face of high score group text on the picture viewing time are significantly different; H3a: is afraid of hurting others text low scores for fear of harming another group and the group in the face of high score text on the picture viewing time have significant differences. According to the second problems, put forward the following two hypotheses.H1b: collectivism and fear was positively related to harm others text, individualism tendency and fear of injury was positively related to H2b: text; cultural texts (fear of hurt / hurt others fear the text in the text) between the cultural tendency and faces on the picture viewing time plays an intermediary role. It is based on the following experiments verify the above assumptions. The pre experiment: A Study on social anxiety effectively. In 20 Shanghai Normal University students as subjects. The creation of a social anxiety Situation, situation is mainly through the way of video and voice dialogue between subjects and authority, and let the participants in authority before speaking for 7 minutes. After the pre experiment, subjects were asked to answer the anxiety in this kind of social anxiety situations much? Pre experiment results reflect social anxiety the situation can effectively lead to social anxiety subjects. The formal experiment: To study the behavior of Chinese sight anxiety in social context. In 106 Shanghai Normal University students were tested by self construal scale, social interaction anxiety scale and social anxiety scale were measured cultural orientation. Afraid I hurt and afraid to hurt others. Text text and then create a social anxiety, after induced anxiety of the subjects, and different emotional faces, measured by eye tracker The subjects of sight behavior during the whole experiment. According to the corresponding results obtained above two problems. Firstly, as for the first question, the results reflect anxiety in social situations, collectivism people with cultural texts (fear of injury or harm to others in the fear of the increasing of the content of text), to emotional stimuli (especially threatening stimuli) will exhibit gaze behavior more and more; in social anxiety, individualism tendency, with the cultural text (fear of hurt or afraid to hurt others text text) the increase in scores of emotional stimuli (especially threatening stimuli) will show more and more escape behavior. For the second problem, the results reflect the collectivism of the people in the social anxiety, mainly for fear of hurting fear; I hurt the text is a mediator between the collectivism and neutral emotional stimuli. Through this study, we understand that the culture, the relationship between social anxiety and behavior. The sight of cultural texts in order to facilitate the future, we can according to the cultural characteristics of the visitors understand the thinking and behavior of visitors and properly interact with it.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842.6

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