本文關(guān)鍵詞： 范疇三段論推理 場依存者 場中間者 場獨(dú)立者　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著研究人格與認(rèn)知之間關(guān)系的深入，很多學(xué)者開始注意到認(rèn)知風(fēng)格與認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域類諸如記憶、情緒狀態(tài)等的聯(lián)系。范疇三段論推理作為人類高級認(rèn)知加工過程，類屬于演繹推理，是由兩個(gè)包含共同項(xiàng)的前提和一個(gè)結(jié)論組合而成的推理形式�？疾毂辉囃评砬闆r的方式有很多，其中結(jié)論評估方式是運(yùn)用較為廣泛的方式之一，該方法要求被試對已}f的結(jié)論進(jìn)行判斷，看其可否能由前提合乎邏輯的推出。認(rèn)知風(fēng)格在人格領(lǐng)域和認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域中都有所覆蓋，一般被用作研究個(gè)體差異的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在綜合認(rèn)知風(fēng)格和范疇三段論推理研究的基礎(chǔ)上，調(diào)查認(rèn)知風(fēng)格在多大程度上影響大學(xué)生進(jìn)行范疇三段論推理。被試為192名大學(xué)生且均未學(xué)過邏輯學(xué)課程，采用3×2×2的三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，其中認(rèn)知風(fēng)格（場依存型、場中間型、場獨(dú)立型）是被試間變量，范疇三段論推理題目類型（抽象符號題目、具體內(nèi)容題目）和邏輯狀態(tài)（邏輯有效狀態(tài)、邏輯無效狀態(tài)）是被試內(nèi)變量。根據(jù)范疇三段論一般規(guī)則的判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，被試在范疇三段論推理題的正確作答得分為因變量。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明：（1）認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的主效應(yīng)顯著，場依存型、場中間型和場獨(dú)立型人格在范疇三段論推理總成績上存在顯著差異，但性別差異不顯著；（2）認(rèn)知風(fēng)格影響被試在不同三段論推理題目類型上的成績，在抽象符號推理上，場獨(dú)立者成績最佳，中間者次之，依存者最差；在具體符號推理上，場依存者成績最佳，獨(dú)立者次之，依存者最差；（3）認(rèn)知風(fēng)格影響被試在不同邏輯狀態(tài)下的成績，且這種影響在邏輯有效狀態(tài)下表現(xiàn)更為明顯；（4）在抽象邏輯有效、抽象邏輯無效、具體邏輯有效、具體邏輯無效四種題目類型中，認(rèn)知風(fēng)格都影響著被試的作答成績。 本實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)軌虻贸鋈c(diǎn)結(jié)論：（1）場獨(dú)立者的邏輯推理能力整體來看優(yōu)于場依存者，但在與周圍線索相關(guān)的題目上不如場依存者；（2）場中間者在任何推理題上似乎具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢，其成績較高且差距不大，呈現(xiàn)穩(wěn)定性；（3）人們都傾向于對推理題做肯定性分析，因而在邏輯有效狀態(tài)下的成績要好于無效狀態(tài)下的；（4）在成年期之前進(jìn)行邏輯狀態(tài)的訓(xùn)練也許能夠縮小三種認(rèn)知風(fēng)格的差異，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)對場依存型人格的推理成績進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)，如果在不同的情境下激發(fā)出適合環(huán)境的認(rèn)知風(fēng)格，能夠有效的提高人群整體的邏輯推理能力。
[Abstract]:With the further study of the relationship between personality and cognition, many scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between cognitive style and cognitive domain such as memory, emotional state, etc. Categorical syllogism is a process of advanced cognitive processing. Class is deductive reasoning, which consists of two common premises and one conclusion combination. There are many ways to investigate the reasoning of the subjects, among which the conclusion evaluation is one of the more widely used ways. In this method, participants were asked to judge the conclusion of "already} f" to see if it could be logically deduced from the premise. Cognitive style covers both personality and cognitive fields. It is generally used as a criterion for studying individual differences. On the basis of comprehensive cognitive style and categorical syllogism, This paper investigates the extent to which cognitive style affects the categorical syllogism of college students. 192 college students, none of whom have taken a logic course, adopted a three-factor experimental design of 3 脳 2 脳 2, in which cognitive styles (field-dependent, field-intermediate) were used. Field-independent) is the inter-subject variable, category syllogism reasoning topic type (abstract symbol title, specific content topic) and logical state (logical effective state). According to the criteria of the general rules of categorical syllogism, the correct score of the subjects' answer in the category syllogism reasoning question is dependent variable. The experimental results show that the main effect of cognitive style is significant, and that there are significant differences in the total scores of categorical syllogism reasoning between field-dependent, field-intermediate and field-independent personality. However, the gender difference is not significant (2) Cognitive style affects the achievement of different syllogism reasoning topics. In abstract symbolic reasoning, the field independent is the best, the middle is the second, and the dependant is the worst. The results of field dependents are the best, the independence is the second, and the dependents are the worst. (3) Cognitive style affects the subjects' performance in different logic states, and this effect is more obvious in the logical effective state. (4) the abstract logic is effective and the abstract logic is ineffective. Among the four problem types, concrete logic is valid and concrete logic is invalid. In this experiment, we can draw three conclusions: (1) the logical reasoning ability of the field independent is better than that of the field dependant on the whole, but it seems that the middle of the field has a unique advantage in any reasoning topic, but it is not as good as that of the field dependant on the topic related to the surrounding cues. People tend to make positive analysis of reasoning problems. Therefore, the results in the logical effective state are better than those in the invalid state.) training in the logic state before adulthood may reduce the differences of the three cognitive styles, and the emphasis should be placed on the cultivation of the reasoning achievement of the field-dependent personality. If the cognitive style suitable for the environment is stimulated in different situations, the overall logical reasoning ability of the crowd can be effectively improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.1

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本文編號：1504540