本文關(guān)鍵詞： 科學(xué)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問題 原型位置效應(yīng) 原型啟發(fā) 頓悟　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為創(chuàng)造性思維的一種特殊形式,頓悟是一種非常重要的創(chuàng)造性思維。目前,心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)對頓悟問題做了大量的研究,但對于其認知機制的探討一直處于爭論之中�？茖W(xué)界的很多發(fā)明創(chuàng)造都是科學(xué)家通過頓悟過程產(chǎn)生的,因此,對于科學(xué)發(fā)明領(lǐng)域的創(chuàng)造性研究也許更能揭示頓悟的本質(zhì)。本研究在已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,選用科學(xué)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問題作為實驗材料,針對科學(xué)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問題解決中的原型位置效應(yīng)做進一步深入研究,探討原型位置的作用原理,揭示原型啟發(fā)的作用機制,豐富原型啟發(fā)理論的研究成果,為人們創(chuàng)造性問題解決能力的提高和創(chuàng)造性思維的培養(yǎng)提供參考。本研究共有三個實驗。實驗一采用單因素被試內(nèi)實驗設(shè)計,自變量為原型位置,探討原型位置對科學(xué)發(fā)明創(chuàng)造問題解決的影響,在驗證問題解決存在原型位置效應(yīng)的基礎(chǔ)上,考察在原型激活上是否同樣會出現(xiàn)原型位置效應(yīng)。實驗二采用2(原型位置:先原型和后原型)×2(有無標識:有標識和無標識)兩因素被試內(nèi)實驗設(shè)計,探討原型位置效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的原因,驗證是否是由于原型位置不同導(dǎo)致了原型表征性質(zhì)的不同而產(chǎn)生的。實驗三在實驗二的基礎(chǔ)上,采用2(原型位置:先原型和后原型)×2(標識不同信息:標識特征性功能短語和標識科學(xué)方法詞組)兩因素混合實驗設(shè)計,被試間變量為標識不同信息,被試內(nèi)變量為原型位置,進一步探討對于兩種不同的信息,被試更突出表征哪種信息,而對于這種信息的突出表征更能解釋原型位置效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生。研究結(jié)論:(1)在原型激活階段出現(xiàn)了原型位置效應(yīng),后原型條件下的原型激活率高于先原型條件,即后原型的條件下更容易激活原型。(2)原型位置效應(yīng)的產(chǎn)生正是由于對原型知識表征的不同導(dǎo)致的,在后原型的條件下,被試會突出表征原型中有利于問題解決的關(guān)鍵信息(“構(gòu)造-功能”語句),使得問題比先原型條件下容易得到解決。(3)在后原型的條件下,被試會更突出表征原型關(guān)鍵信息中顯示科學(xué)原理的科學(xué)方法詞組,進而受到啟發(fā)得出問題的解決辦法。
[Abstract]:As a special form of creative thinking, epiphany is a very important kind of creative thinking. But the study of its cognitive mechanism has been under debate. Many inventions in the scientific community are generated by the process of epiphany, so, Creative research in the field of scientific invention may better reveal the nature of epiphany. The effect of archetypal location in the problem solving of scientific invention and creation is further studied, the working principle of prototype location is discussed, the mechanism of archetypal inspiration is revealed, and the research results of archetypal heuristic theory are enriched. In this study, there are three experiments. Experiment 1 is designed by single factor experiment, with independent variables as the prototype, and can be used as a reference for the improvement of creative problem-solving ability and the cultivation of creative thinking. This paper probes into the influence of prototype position on the problem solving of scientific invention and creation, and on the basis of verifying the existence of prototype location effect in problem-solving, In experiment 2, two factors (prototype position: first prototype and later prototype) 脳 2 (with or without mark: marked and unmarked) were used. This paper discusses the cause of prototype position effect, and verifies whether it is caused by the different prototype position, which leads to the different characterization of prototype. Experiment 3 is based on experiment 2. 2 (prototype position: first prototype and later prototype) 脳 2 (identifying different information: identifying characteristic functional phrase and identifying scientific method phrase) were used as the mixed experimental design. The variables among the subjects were identified different information, and the internal variables were the prototype position. For two different kinds of information, the participants are more prominent in representing the information, and the prominent representation of this information can explain the generation of the prototype position effect. Conclusion: 1) the prototype position effect appears in the prototype activation stage. The activation rate of prototype under post-prototype condition is higher than that under pre-prototype condition, that is, it is easier to activate archetype under post-prototype condition. The participants will highlight the key information ("structure-function" statement) that is helpful to problem solving in the representation prototype, which makes the problem easier to be solved under the condition of the first prototype. The participants will highlight the phrase of scientific method which represents the key information of the prototype and then be inspired to find the solution to the problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842

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