本文關鍵詞： 指向性遺忘 加工水平 資源分配 機制　出處：《云南師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：與自然遺忘(記憶痕跡的自然消退)相比,指向性遺忘更加強調(diào)遺忘的指向性和有意性。因此,指向性遺忘又被稱為定向遺忘或有意遺忘。它表現(xiàn)為,實驗中要求被試記住的內(nèi)容比要求忘記的內(nèi)容回憶效果要好。Muter最先于1965年提出指向性遺忘這個概念并進行了相關研究。多年來,指向性遺忘研究形成了兩種基本的實驗范式:字表法(list method)和單字法(item method)。隨著研究的不斷深入,研究者通過實驗不斷驗證假設和提出新的猜想,取得了一些成績。但是對于指向性遺忘仍有一些問題仍未得到讓人滿意的解釋,需要進一步探索和解決。第一,對信息的編碼是信息進入記憶系統(tǒng)的第一個重要環(huán)節(jié),一直以來,編碼也是記憶和遺忘領域的核心研究主題。在整個記憶系統(tǒng)中,編碼又有不同的層次或水平,使研究變得豐富和復雜。然而,作為重要影響因素,加工水平在指向性遺忘領域的國內(nèi)外的研究卻很少,文章只有寥寥幾篇(喻韜文,2016;宋耀武、房美妍等,2016)。而其中絕大部分依然按語義與非語義劃分加工水平,使得對研究結(jié)果的解釋有失嚴謹。第二,國內(nèi)關于指向性遺忘的機制的探討大多仍停留在范式與機制一對一的層面——字表法對應著提取抑制,而單字法對應著選擇性復述。且近年來,隨著對記憶中抑制機制研究的逐漸深入,運用字表法對抑制機制的相關研究遠遠多于對選擇性復述的討論。本研究將指向性遺忘和加工類型相結(jié)合,參考陳寒等(2001)對不同加工水平的操作方法,通過操縱不同的加工水平來探討其指向性遺忘效應的影響,并進一步驗證區(qū)分加工類型與加工水平兩維度的合理性。繼而嘗試探討是否可以利用加工水平造成的指向性遺忘效果的差異,通過對比揭示兩種產(chǎn)生機制是否同時存在,并運用資源分配理論對差異進行合理解釋。本研究共進行3個實驗,具體的研究結(jié)論如下:1.語義加工與形式加工是兩種不同“質(zhì)”的加工類型。兩種加工類型對指向性遺忘的影響效果不同。2.加工水平不同,指向性遺忘效果不同。具體表現(xiàn)為隨著加工水平的提高,指向性遺忘效應先增強,后減弱。3.指向性遺忘的產(chǎn)生,是兩種或以上不同的機制共同作用的結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:Compared with natural amnesia (the natural fading of memory traces), directional amnesia emphasizes the directionality and intention of forgetfulness. Therefore, directed amnesia is also called directed forgetting or intentional forgetfulness. In the experiment, subjects were asked to remember the content better than the content they were asked to forget. Muter first proposed the concept of directional forgetting in 1965 and conducted a related study. The study of directed amnesia has formed two basic experimental paradigms: the word list method and the single word method. With the development of the research, the researchers continue to verify the hypothesis and put forward new conjectures through experiments. Some achievements have been made. However, there are still some problems that have not been satisfactorily explained and need to be further explored and solved. First, the coding of information is the first important link for information to enter the memory system. Coding has always been the core subject of research in the field of memory and forgetfulness. In the whole memory system, coding has different levels or levels, which makes research rich and complex. However, as an important influencing factor, The research on processing level in the field of directional amnesia is few at home and abroad, and there are only a few articles (Yu Taowen, Song Yaowu, Fang Meiyan, etc.) in 2016. And most of them still divide the processing level by semantic and non-semantic. The explanation of the research results is not rigorous. Secondly, most of the domestic researches on the mechanism of directional amnesia still remain in the one-to-one level of paradigm and mechanism, and the word table method corresponds to the extraction inhibition. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on the inhibition mechanism in memory, The research on inhibition mechanism by word table method is far more than selective retelling. This study combines directional amnesia with processing type, referring to Chen Han et al. 2001) the operation methods of different processing levels, By manipulating different processing levels to explore the effect of directional amnesia, And further verify the rationality of distinguishing the two dimensions of processing type and processing level, and then try to explore whether the difference of directional forgetting effect caused by processing level can be used, and reveal whether the two generation mechanisms exist at the same time. Using the theory of resource allocation to explain the difference reasonably, three experiments were carried out in this study. The specific conclusions are as follows: 1. Semantic processing and formal processing are two different "qualitative" processing types. The effect of directional amnesia is different. The specific manifestation is that with the improvement of processing level, the directional amnesia effect increases first, then weakens .3.The production of directional amnesia is the result of the joint action of two or more different mechanisms.
【學位授予單位】：云南師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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