本文關(guān)鍵詞： 特質(zhì) 責(zé)任感 認(rèn)知方式 人格特質(zhì)　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：后悔是人們常常提及的情緒之一,通常認(rèn)為后悔是人們做錯事情之后而產(chǎn)生懊悔的一種情緒。心理學(xué)家最早也認(rèn)為后悔是一種消極的情緒體驗,并在反事實思維框架下對后悔情緒的程度展開研究。后來有研究者認(rèn)為后悔不僅是一種消極情緒,也是一種包含認(rèn)知功能的高級情感狀態(tài),而且對個體的自我認(rèn)知和發(fā)展具有一定的積極作用,能夠促進(jìn)個體人格的發(fā)展和完善。近年來有學(xué)者從人格傾向方面對后悔進(jìn)行了研究,認(rèn)為后悔可能是一種穩(wěn)定的人格傾向,并把后悔心理分為后悔傾向和后悔反應(yīng)。 對于后悔心理是一種情緒情感狀態(tài)還是一種人格傾向,目前尚有爭議。該論文從人格傾向方面對后悔心理進(jìn)行了探究,將后悔心理分為兩個組成部分：特質(zhì)后悔,即個體易于認(rèn)識到或想象出如果先前采取其他行為,其結(jié)果會更好,并容易伴隨負(fù)性情緒體驗的一種持久而穩(wěn)定的人格特征；二是選擇性后悔,即針對特定領(lǐng)域或情景的后悔反應(yīng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上對后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表進(jìn)行了修訂,使其更適合中國的被試。最后采用修訂后的后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表探究了后悔心理與責(zé)任感、認(rèn)知方式以及人格特質(zhì)的關(guān)系。 該論文的被試主要來自貴州、陜西和河南的高中生以及高校的本科生、研究生,共2034名。其中男生858名,女生1176名。該論文做了兩個方面的研究：第一修訂了后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表；第二采用修訂后的后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表對不同發(fā)展階段的學(xué)生的后悔心理、責(zé)任感進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,并嘗試探討了影響后悔心理的因素及其與后悔心理的關(guān)系。 該論文的第一部分修訂了后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表,刪除了降低后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表信效度的題目。修訂后的后悔量表和責(zé)任感量表具有良好的信度和效度,適合不同發(fā)展階段的中國學(xué)生。 正式施測的結(jié)果分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：不同發(fā)展階段學(xué)生的后悔心理、責(zé)任感、認(rèn)知方式以及人格特質(zhì)均存在顯著的性別差異和年級差異,其中在性別方面的差異：在后悔心理方面,女生的得分顯著高于男生(特質(zhì)后悔：t=-2.00,p0.01；選擇性后悔：t=-2.15,p0.05)。在責(zé)任感方面：男生的責(zé)任感平均得分顯著高于女生,(t=3.24,p0.001).認(rèn)知方式變量上：男生在直覺分析維度上的得分顯著高于女生(t=2.85,p0.01),男生在言語表象維度上的得分顯著高于女生(t=-5.17,p0.01)。在人格特質(zhì)變量上：男生在在內(nèi)外傾和精神質(zhì)維度上的得分高于女生(t=5.17,p0.01t=2.47,p0.05),而女生在神經(jīng)質(zhì)維度的得分高于男生(t=-3.51,p0.01)； 在年級方面,特質(zhì)后悔、選擇性后悔存在顯著差異(F(5,2028)=3.6000, F (5,2028)=4.464,p0.01)；個體責(zé)任感的差異顯著(F(5,2028)=4.429,p0.01); 不同發(fā)展階段學(xué)生的后悔心理與人格特質(zhì)、責(zé)任感、認(rèn)知方式有顯著相關(guān)；個體的責(zé)任感、精神質(zhì)、神經(jīng)質(zhì)對后悔心理有顯著的預(yù)測作用。 該論文的結(jié)論：(1)女生更容易出現(xiàn)后悔反應(yīng),后悔反應(yīng)經(jīng)過長期累積,可能會形成一種穩(wěn)定的傾向,即特質(zhì)后悔。 (2)存在后悔的事情中,個體意識到的責(zé)任感越強,后悔反應(yīng)越強烈。 (3)具有直覺型認(rèn)知方式的個體在做選擇和決策時易于沖動,事后容易產(chǎn)生選擇性后悔。 (4)個體的人格特質(zhì)能夠預(yù)測個體的選擇性后悔。而個體對出現(xiàn)后悔反應(yīng)的事件進(jìn)行反思時,后悔又能夠促進(jìn)其人格特質(zhì)的成熟與完善。
[Abstract]:Regret is one of the emotions that people often refer to . It is often thought that regret is a feeling of regret after people do something wrong . Psychologists first think that regret is a negative emotion experience , and studies the degree of regret emotion in the framework of anti - factual thinking . This paper probes into the regret psychology from the perspective of personality , and divides the regret psychology into two parts : the trait regrets , that is , the individual is easy to realize or imagine that if other actions were taken before , the result would be better , and it would be easy to accompany the negative emotion experience . This thesis is mainly from high school students in Guizhou , Shaanxi and Henan , and undergraduate and graduate students in colleges and universities . There are 858 males and 1176 females . The thesis has two aspects : first revised Regret Scale and Responsibility Scale ; Second , the revised Regret Scale and Sense of Responsibility Scale were used to investigate the regret psychology and responsibility of students at different stages of development . The first part of this paper revised the regret scale and responsibility scale , deleted the topic of reducing the validity of regret scale and responsibility scale . The revised regret scale and responsibility scale have good reliability and validity , which are suitable for Chinese students at different stages of development . The results of formal test showed that there were significant differences in sex and grade between students ' regret psychology , responsibility , cognitive style and personality traits in different developmental stages . Among them , there was a significant difference in gender : the scores of girls were significantly higher than that of boys in regret psychology ( t = - 2.00 , p0.01 ; selective regret : t = - 2.15 , p . 05 ) . In the sense of responsibility : the average male responsibility score was significantly higher than that of girls ( t = 3.24 , p0.001 ) . Cognitive style variables : the scores of boys in the intuitive analysis dimension were significantly higher than that of girls ( t = 2.85 , p0.01 ) , and the scores of boys in the dimension of speech recognition were significantly higher than that of girls ( t = - 5.17 , p0.01 ) . In personality traits , the scores of male students in extroversion and spiritual dimension were higher than that of girls ( t = 5.17 , p0.01 t = 2.47 , p0.05 ) , while the scores of girls in the neuroticism dimension were higher than that of boys ( t = - 3.51 , p0.01 ) ; In the first grade , there were significant differences ( F ( 5,2028 ) = 3.6000 , F ( 5,2028 ) = 3.6000 , F ( 5,2028 ) = 4.464 , p0.01 ) ; the difference of individual responsibility was significant ( F ( 5,2028 ) = 4.429 , p0.01 ) ; The regret psychology of students in different stages of development is related to personality traits , responsibility and cognitive style ; individual responsibility , spirit and neuroticism have a significant predictive role in regret psychology . The conclusion of this paper : ( 1 ) The female students are more likely to regret the reaction , regret that the reaction has been accumulated for a long period of time , and may form a stable tendency , that is , the trait regrets . ( 2 ) In the event of regret , the stronger the sense of responsibility of the individual , the stronger the regret reaction . ( 3 ) Individuals with an intuitive cognitive style tend to be impulsive when making choices and decisions , and they tend to regret it afterwards . ( 4 ) The individual ' s personality traits can predict the individual ' s selective regret .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B848

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